![Application of Cylindrical Distribution Functions to Anisotropic Scattering from Amorphous Films. [Fe[sub X]Ge[sub 100[minus]x], X[approx]6]. PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/y0ZkAQAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
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Languages : en
Pages : 5
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The cylindrical pair correlation function has been utilized as a structural tool in the study of anisotropic phase separation in magnetron-sputtered amorphous Fe[sub x]Ge[sub 100-x] films. Anomalous small-angle x-ray scattering (ASAXS) measurements have been performed with the scattering vector both in and oblique to the plane of the films, to search for anisotropy. The cylindrical correlation function has been calculated from these measurements, and indicates that there exist well-defined regions of electron density that are elongated (7[Angstrom] by 12[Angstrom]) in the direction of film growth. In addition, for a composition of x=6, these regions are well-correlated on a length scale of 27[Angstrom] for those correlation vectors oriented in the plane of the film surface, whereas the correlations are far weaker and longer in length for those vectors aligned in the direction of growth. These results are in agreement with a previous qualitative model of packed, prolate ellipsoids oriented in the direction of growth.
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Languages : en
Pages : 5
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The cylindrical pair correlation function has been utilized as a structural tool in the study of anisotropic phase separation in magnetron-sputtered amorphous Fe(subscript x)Ge{sub 100-x} films. Anomalous small-angle x-ray scattering (ASAXS) measurements have been performed with the scattering vector both in and oblique to the plane of the films, to search for anisotropy. The cylindrical correlation function has been calculated from these measurements, and indicates that there exist well-defined regions of electron density that are elongated (7Å by 12Å) in the direction of film growth. In addition, for a composition of x=6, these regions are well-correlated on a length scale of 27Å for those correlation vectors oriented in the plane of the film surface, whereas the correlations are far weaker and longer in length for those vectors aligned in the direction of growth. These results are in agreement with a previous qualitative model of packed, prolate ellipsoids oriented in the direction of growth.
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Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 692
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1200
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Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 724
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 654
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Author: Michael J. Regan
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0080878628
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 7752
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The progress in polymer science is revealed in the chapters of Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, Ten Volume Set. In Volume 1, this is reflected in the improved understanding of the properties of polymers in solution, in bulk and in confined situations such as in thin films. Volume 2 addresses new characterization techniques, such as high resolution optical microscopy, scanning probe microscopy and other procedures for surface and interface characterization. Volume 3 presents the great progress achieved in precise synthetic polymerization techniques for vinyl monomers to control macromolecular architecture: the development of metallocene and post-metallocene catalysis for olefin polymerization, new ionic polymerization procedures, and atom transfer radical polymerization, nitroxide mediated polymerization, and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer systems as the most often used controlled/living radical polymerization methods. Volume 4 is devoted to kinetics, mechanisms and applications of ring opening polymerization of heterocyclic monomers and cycloolefins (ROMP), as well as to various less common polymerization techniques. Polycondensation and non-chain polymerizations, including dendrimer synthesis and various "click" procedures, are covered in Volume 5. Volume 6 focuses on several aspects of controlled macromolecular architectures and soft nano-objects including hybrids and bioconjugates. Many of the achievements would have not been possible without new characterization techniques like AFM that allowed direct imaging of single molecules and nano-objects with a precision available only recently. An entirely new aspect in polymer science is based on the combination of bottom-up methods such as polymer synthesis and molecularly programmed self-assembly with top-down structuring such as lithography and surface templating, as presented in Volume 7. It encompasses polymer and nanoparticle assembly in bulk and under confined conditions or influenced by an external field, including thin films, inorganic-organic hybrids, or nanofibers. Volume 8 expands these concepts focusing on applications in advanced technologies, e.g. in electronic industry and centers on combination with top down approach and functional properties like conductivity. Another type of functionality that is of rapidly increasing importance in polymer science is introduced in volume 9. It deals with various aspects of polymers in biology and medicine, including the response of living cells and tissue to the contact with biofunctional particles and surfaces. The last volume is devoted to the scope and potential provided by environmentally benign and green polymers, as well as energy-related polymers. They discuss new technologies needed for a sustainable economy in our world of limited resources. Provides broad and in-depth coverage of all aspects of polymer science from synthesis/polymerization, properties, and characterization methods and techniques to nanostructures, sustainability and energy, and biomedical uses of polymers Provides a definitive source for those entering or researching in this area by integrating the multidisciplinary aspects of the science into one unique, up-to-date reference work Electronic version has complete cross-referencing and multi-media components Volume editors are world experts in their field (including a Nobel Prize winner)
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Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 934
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Author: N. Sanjeeva Murthy
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128091681
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Biomaterials often exhibit structures at multiple length scales that influence the chemical, physical, mechanical and biological properties of a material. This chapter discusses techniques used to determine these structures: light scattering for the determination of particle sizes ~0.1μm; wide-angle X-ray scattering for analyzing the molecular structure, crystallinity and morphology in the solid state (~1nm); small-angle X-ray scattering for obtaining structural information at mesoscale (10nm) to determine lamellar structure and phase behavior in the solid state, and size and aggregation behavior of particles in solution; and small-angle neutron scattering using molecules labeled with deuterium for the analysis of single chain dimensions, polymer mixtures and solvent diffusion in the solid state.
