Analysis of the Role of the Roundabout Receptors in Axon Guidance in the Embryonic Central Nervous System of Drosophila Melanogaster PDF Download
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Author: Julie Hayner Simpson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
Author: Julie Hayner Simpson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Author: Hailan Hu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Author: Vicki L. McGovern
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Axons
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Abstract: The goal of developmental neurobiology is to understand how a complex nervous system is wired. During development of the central nervous system (CNS) neural connections are assembled in a highly stereotyped fashion. How do axons find their targets with such accuracy? We know that axon migration is direct by attractive and repulsive guidance cues located in the extracellular environment. While many guidance molecules have been identified, we are only just beginning to understand the mechanisms of axon guidance. In order to identify additional genes involved in axon guidance and CNS development we performed a misexpression screen. Using P-elements and the UAS/GAL4 system, transcription of endogenous genes was induced in the embryonic CNS. Misexpression phenotypes were then identified immunohistochemically with two monoclonal antibodies: BP102, a general axon marker, and 1D4, which labels a subset of axon pathways. Over 4100 individual P-element insertion lines were screened. Twenty-five insertions corresponding to 18 genes resulted in misexpression phenotypes. Genes involved in axon guidance, embryonic patterning, and cell cycle regulation were identified. Several transcription factors that have not been previously implicated in CNS development were isolated and characterized as well. The identification of these transcription factors is intriguing since little is known about the transcriptional regulation of axon guidance genes. Additionally, we have studied the regulation of the previously identified guidance molecule Commissureless (Comm). Comm is necessary for proper axon guidance at the CNS midline of the Drosophila embryo. In the absence of Comm, commissural axons fail to cross the midline and instead make ispilateral projections on their respective sides of the midline. Using mosaic analysis, we have identified a cell autonomous neuronal requirement for Comm. Clones containing mutant alleles of comm formed commissural projections at a statistically significant reduced frequency when compared to wild type clones. This result suggests that regulation of Comm expression in neurons is critical for Comm's function in axon guidance at the CNS midline. These studies have both advanced the understanding of the regulation of Comm, and have identified new potential regulators of guidance molecules.
Author: David J. Forsthoefel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Actin
Languages : en
Pages :
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Abstract: The Drosophila melanogaster embryo is an ideal system in which to study axon guidance, because of the relative simplicity of the nervous system and the evolutionary conservation of the molecules utilized during development. The Abelson cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase regulates actin cytoskeletal dynamics in Drosophila, mice, and humans. In Drosophila, Abl is expressed in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS). In a genetic screen for modifiers of the Abl mutant semilethality phenotype, we identified trio, a cytoplasmic guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is also expressed in the CNS and regulates actin dynamics through Rho GTPases. Mutations in Abl and trio interacted genetically, leading to dramatic disruption of axon pathways at the CNS midline. Building upon these initial observations, we analyzed interactions between Abl, trio, and the attractive Netrin receptor frazzled (fra)/Deleted-in-Colorectal-Cancer (DCC). In fra;Abl and fra;trio double mutants, few axons crossed the midline, similar to the phenotype in trio, Abl mutants. Furthermore, mutations in Abl and trio suppressed the inappropriate midline crossover phenotype in embryos expressing the chimeric Robo-Fra receptor, consistent with an in vivo role for these molecules as Fra effectors. Fra bound Abl and Trio in coimmunoprecipitation and GST pulldown experiments, and tyrosine phosphorylation of Fra and Trio was elevated in cultured cells overexpressing Abl. Mutations in enabled (ena), another Abl substrate, suppressed the loss-of-commissure phenotype in fra, Abl, and trio mutants, as well as the Robo-Fra receptor phenotype. Together, these results suggest that Abl and Trio are effectors for multiple attractive receptors at the CNS midline, and that Ena may function during both attractive and repulsive signaling. Finally, a functional analysis of the requirement for Trio's conserved domains has been initiated. In transgenic rescue and overexpression experiments, TrioGEF1 was required for axon guidance across the CNS midline, while TrioSH3 inhibited midline crossing. Coexpression experiments with the Robo-Fra receptor and assays in other tissues and cultured cells suggest that the conserved N-terminal domain, spectrin-like repeats, and GEF2 domain may modulate GEF1 signaling in specific contexts. Future experiments must elucidate the mechanistic details of cytoskeletal control by Trio and Fra.
Author: Haley Elizabeth Brown
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Axons
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080859429
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 789
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Book Description
Drosophila melanogaster: Practical Uses in Cell and Molecular Biology is a compendium of mostly short technical chapters designed to provide state-of-the art methods to the broad community of cell biologists, and to put molecular and cell biological studies of flies into perspective. The book makes the baroque aspects of genetic nomenclature and procedure accessible to cell biologists. It also contains a wealth of technical information for beginning or advanced Drosophila workers. Chapters, written within a year of publication, make this topical volume a valuable laboratory guide today and an excellent general reference for the future.Key Features* Collection of ready-to-use, state-of-the art methods for modern cell biological and related research using Drosophila melanogaster* Accessible to both experienced Drosophila researchers and to others who wish to join in at the cutting edge of this system * Drosophila offers an easily managed life cycle, inexpensive lifestyle, extraordinarily manipulable molecular and classical genetics, now combined with powerful new cell biology techniques * Introduction and overview sections orient the user to the Drosophila literature and lore * Six full-color plates and over 100 figures and tables enhance the understanding of these cell biology techniques
Author: Theresa Wei-Yuan Ho
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Author: Hans J. ten Donkelaar
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540346597
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 544
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Book Description
Progress in developmental neurobiology and advances in (neuro) genetics have been spectacular. The high resolution of modern imaging techniques applicable to developmental disorders of the human brain and spinal cord have created a novel insight into the developmental history of the central nervous system (CNS). This book provides a comprehensive overview of the development of the human CNS in the context of its many developmental disorders. It provides a unique combination of data from human embryology, animal research and developmental neuropathology, and there are more than 400 figures in over a hundred separate illustrations.
Author: Helen Sink
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780387300535
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
The different aspects of muscle development are considered from cellular, molecular and genetic viewpoints, and the text is supported by black/white and color illustrations. The book will appeal to those studying muscle development and muscle biology in any organism.
Author: Casey C. Jowdy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Abstract: During development the precise wiring of the nervous system is dependent on the correct repertoire of axon guidance molecules being expressed at the right time and place. In the CNS of D. melanogaster, Comm and Robo play important roles in regulating axons at the midline. To date much has been studied about how Comm regulates Robo, but little is known about how Comm is regulated in the CNS. Comm is dynamically expressed in an off, on, and off again fashion in contralaterally projecting axons and is not expressed in ipsilateral projecting axons. Our hypothesis is the dynamic spatial and temporal regulation of Comm is at the transcriptional level.
