An Investigation Into Using Ionic Liquids for Rare Earth Mineral Flotation PDF Download
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Author: Ronghao Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"Rare earth elements (REE) have been utilized in many cutting-edge applications. Bastnäsite, a flurocarbonate rare earth mineral (REM), is one of the primary sources in REE production. Froth flotation is one of the most commonly applied techniques in REM processing, as well as for the mineral processing industry in general. A type of ionic liquid (IL), tetraethylammonium mono-(2-ethylhexyl)2-ethylhexyl phosphonate ([N2222][EHEHP]), has been investigated previously for REE solvent extraction, and was proven selective and effective. In this work, [N2222][EHEHP] has been investigated as a collector for REM flotation for the first time, with the results compared to quartz and hematite (two gangue minerals commonly associated with REM deposits). Zeta potential measurements and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to investigate the surface chemistry of the minerals, the results of which were used to explain microflotation responses. Microflotation results suggest higher collecting ability of IL for quartz and hematite than for bastnäsite, which only showed appreciable recovery at pH 5 with 500 g/t IL. FTIR and zeta potential results suggest adsorption of the phosphonate group onto bastnäsite and hematite, likely through chemisorption; whereas for quartz, the high flotation recovery is likely due to weakly bonded ammonium moiety. To improve the separation efficiency, three depressants, sodium silicate, NorligH (a commercial depressant contains calcium lignin sulfonate), and manganese chloride were tested. Microflotation tests show that the tested depressants can significantly depress bastnäsite at all tested conditions, with limited impact on hematite and quartz. A synthetic mixture of three minerals was tested in bench scale flotation at pH 5 with sodium silicate. Results show that bastnäsite was selectively depressed, with the recovery of hematite and quartz remaining almost unchanged. A better separation could be achieved following such reverse flotation route, possibly with a higher collector dose and a more effective depressant. A pretreatment stage is suggested to reject some of the gangue minerals before flotation in order to improve separation efficiency." --
Author: Ronghao Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"Rare earth elements (REE) have been utilized in many cutting-edge applications. Bastnäsite, a flurocarbonate rare earth mineral (REM), is one of the primary sources in REE production. Froth flotation is one of the most commonly applied techniques in REM processing, as well as for the mineral processing industry in general. A type of ionic liquid (IL), tetraethylammonium mono-(2-ethylhexyl)2-ethylhexyl phosphonate ([N2222][EHEHP]), has been investigated previously for REE solvent extraction, and was proven selective and effective. In this work, [N2222][EHEHP] has been investigated as a collector for REM flotation for the first time, with the results compared to quartz and hematite (two gangue minerals commonly associated with REM deposits). Zeta potential measurements and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to investigate the surface chemistry of the minerals, the results of which were used to explain microflotation responses. Microflotation results suggest higher collecting ability of IL for quartz and hematite than for bastnäsite, which only showed appreciable recovery at pH 5 with 500 g/t IL. FTIR and zeta potential results suggest adsorption of the phosphonate group onto bastnäsite and hematite, likely through chemisorption; whereas for quartz, the high flotation recovery is likely due to weakly bonded ammonium moiety. To improve the separation efficiency, three depressants, sodium silicate, NorligH (a commercial depressant contains calcium lignin sulfonate), and manganese chloride were tested. Microflotation tests show that the tested depressants can significantly depress bastnäsite at all tested conditions, with limited impact on hematite and quartz. A synthetic mixture of three minerals was tested in bench scale flotation at pH 5 with sodium silicate. Results show that bastnäsite was selectively depressed, with the recovery of hematite and quartz remaining almost unchanged. A better separation could be achieved following such reverse flotation route, possibly with a higher collector dose and a more effective depressant. A pretreatment stage is suggested to reject some of the gangue minerals before flotation in order to improve separation efficiency." --
Author: Ji Chen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662475103
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
This book comprehensively details the applications of ionic liquids in rare earth green separation and utilization based on the unique interactions of ionic liquids with rare earth ions. It consists of nine chapters demonstrating the synthesis and properties of ionic liquids, coordination chemistry of ionic liquids and rare earth, ionic liquids as diluents, extractants, adsorption resins for rare earth extraction and separation, electrodeposition of rare earth metals in ionic liquids, and preparation of rare earth material with the aid of ionic liquids. It is both interesting and useful to chemists, metallurgists and graduate students working on fundamental research of ionic liquids as well as professionals in the rare earth industry. It provides considerable insights into green chemistry and sustainable processes for rare earth separation in order to meet the environmental challenge of rare earth metallurgy around the globe, especially in China. Ji Chen is a Professor of Chemistry at the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
Author: Mostafa Khodakarami
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 139
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Book Description
"This research focused on the design and synthesis of task-specific ionic liquids for enhanced extraction and separation of rare earth elements (REEs). Two novel ammonium-based functional ionic liquids (FILs) with oxygen donating groups: trioctyl (2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl) ammonium dihexyl diglycolamate, [OcGBOEt][DHDGA], and tricaprylmethylammonium dihexyl diglycolamate, [A336][DHDGA] were synthesized and tested for the recovery and separation of selected REEs from aqueous solutions. Functionalities with different denticities were incorporated into both anionic and cationic parts of ionic liquids, which are solely composed of incinerable atoms including C, H, O, and N. The structural, physical, and chemical properties of the synthesized FILs were studied using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H- and 13C-NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), disc scanning calorimetry (DSC) in addition to density and viscosity analysis. The influence of key process parameters on the extraction efficiency of the synthesized FILs was examined in detail using europium as an example of REEs. The extraction mechanism of the synthesized FILs was systematically investigated using FTIR and NMR spectroscopies in addition to the slope analysis approach. The better extractability, enhanced selectivity towards heavy rare earth, and improved loading capacity of the new FILs are the key advances of this research which will immensely contribute to the field of hydrometallurgical separation of REEs"--Abstract, page
Author: Vivek Mishra
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1040036775
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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Book Description
Functional Fluorescent Materials: Applications in Sensing, Bioimaging, and Optoelectronics explains functional molecular probes (organic/inorganic materials, polymers, nanomaterials), with a focus on those that represent spectroscopic properties with detection of different analytes and specific roles in molecular recognition and their applications. It broadly covers molecular recognition to applications of fluorescence reporters, starting from optoelectronic properties of materials, detection of heavy metals, through biological macromolecules, and further to a living cell, tissue imaging, and theranostics. Features: • Covers different aspects of fluorescence spectroscopy ranging from chemical, physical, and biological aspects along with optoelectronic properties, mechanisms, and applications. • Describes all types of chemical and functionalized fluorescent nanomaterials. • Provides additional information on different kinds of fluorescence reporters. • Explains the concept of fluorescence spectroscopy and its role in human health care. • Discusses changes in static and dynamic properties of fluorescent probes and molecular recognitions. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in materials, chemical engineering, and engineering physics.
Author: Rajesh Kumar Jyothi
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030381064
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
This book examines the development, use, extraction, and recovery of rare earth metals. Rare earth elements (REEs) occupy a key role in daily life in industrial applications. They are one of the critical elements for energy and sustainable growth. REEs are utilized in many modern electrical and electronic devices such as smart phones, computers, LED lights etc. Recovery of the REEs from secondary resources represents a way to meet the growing demand for electronic devices. Because of their rarity, utility, and importance, the recovery, utilization and recycling of rare earth metals is of utmost importance. This book presents both current methods of processing rare earths from primary and secondary sources and new, green routes for their isolation and purification. The book also addresses their utilization, re-use, reduction, and recycling policies that exist globally. Applications in metallurgy, magnets, ceramics, electronics, and chemical, optical, and nuclear technologies are discussed.
Author: Yellapu V Murty
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031318676
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
This book presents the current status and future prospects of rare earth elements with respect to a multitude of factors, including resource availability, production, and applications. Among the topics covered are the extraction of raw materials, alloying and compound production, applications, resource conservation through recycling, regulatory issues, and potential new resource streams. The chapters are authored by well-known technical experts in their fields, with decades of research, industrial, and governmental policy experience. The book is expected to serve as the first single source reference on rare earth minerals and metals aimed at students, scientists, technologists, government legislators, regulatory agencies, investors, and business leaders. It provides in-depth examination of the importance of rare earth elements to the global economy and their use in technological innovation, including energy, power, transportation, medicine, electronics, and chemical/petroleum industries.
Author: Mohammad Jawaid
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128245468
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
Ionic Liquid-based Technologies for Environmental Sustainability explores the range of sustainable and green applications of IL materials achieved in recent years, such as gas solubility, biomass pre-treatment, bio-catalysis, energy storage, gas separation and purification technologies. The book also provides a reference material for future research in IL-based technologies for environmental and energy applications, which are much in-demand due to sustainable, reusable and eco-friendly methods for highly innovative and applied materials. Written by eminent scholars and leading experts from around the world, the book aims to cover the synthesis and characterization of broad range of ionic liquids and their sustainable applications. Chapters provide cutting-edge research with state-of-the-art developments, including the use of IL-based materials for the removal of pharmaceuticals, dyes and value-added metals. Describes the fundamentals and major applications of ionic liquid materials Covers up-to-date developments in novel applications of IL materials Provides practical tips to aid researchers who work on ionic liquid applications
Author: Dianzuo Wang
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811020302
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 390
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Book Description
This book summarizes the author’s findings on the functional principle of flotation reagents, gathered over the past few decades. The fundamentals of and approaches common to surface chemistry are applied to study the reagents’ structure and performance, as well as their interaction with minerals. In particular, the book establishes the theoretical criteria for collector performance. It also includes the quantum chemistry parameters, steric configuration, HOMO and LUMO surface of various reagents. The book offers a valuable resource for all university graduate students, researchers and R&D engineers in minerals processing and extractive metallurgy who wish to explore innovative reagents and technologies that lead to more energy efficient and environmentally sustainable solutions.
Author: Randolph Kirchain
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331948768X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 343
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Book Description
Topics covered in this collection include the following: •Enabling & Understanding Sustainability - Ferrous & Non-ferrous Metals Processing •Understanding & Enabling Sustainability - (Rechargeable) Batteries •Enabling & Understanding Sustainability - Rare Earth Element Applications •Enabling & Understanding Sustainability - Building Materials & Slag Valorisation •Designing Materials and Systems for Sustainability •Understanding & Enabling Sustainability - Light Metals Recycling & Waste Valorisation •Understanding & Enabling Sustainability - Education Research Innovation I •Understanding & Enabling Sustainability - Education Research Innovation II + Electronic Equipment
Author: Pardeep Singh
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031551311
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 415
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Book Description
