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Author: Elisabeth J. Daniels
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 45
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Book Description
The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of disordered eating and the relationships between disordered eating and nutrient status among male and female NCAA cross-country runners (n=49). At the beginning of the Fall 2014 cross-country season, runners completed a baseline questionnaire, which assessed sports participation history and training volume, injury history, menstrual history, eating behaviors, and general health history. Runners also completed in three, unannounced, phone-based 24-hour dietary recalls, which were used to analyze nutrition status, and an evaluation of their exercise training, which was used to determine mean daily exercise energy expenditure. Using independent t tests, results showed that 36.7% of female runners and 40% of male runners were classified with disordered eating (DE). Among those with DE, 50% of female runners met the criteria for dietary restraint and 41.7% of male runners reported excessive exercise. Male and female runners with DE also admitted to having disordered weight perceptions (83.3% and 75%, respectively). Female runners with DE had significantly lower intakes of energy (2318.7±284.2 vs. 2875.3±604.5, p=0.05), protein in g/day and g/kg (96.9=18.3; 1.6±0.4 vs. 125.7±23.5; 2.3±0.5; p=0.02, p=0.01, respectively), and carbohydrates in g/day (5.2±1.3 vs. 7.2=0.8, p=0.04) compared to female runners with no DE. Male runners with DE had significantly higher calcium intake than male runners with no DE (2111.2±682.6 vs. 1480.3±562.9, p = 0.01). The findings in this study underscore the need for standardized nutrition intervention and education programs in university athletics departments as well as the need for gender specific assessment criteria for disordered eating.
Author: Elisabeth J. Daniels
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 45
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Book Description
The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of disordered eating and the relationships between disordered eating and nutrient status among male and female NCAA cross-country runners (n=49). At the beginning of the Fall 2014 cross-country season, runners completed a baseline questionnaire, which assessed sports participation history and training volume, injury history, menstrual history, eating behaviors, and general health history. Runners also completed in three, unannounced, phone-based 24-hour dietary recalls, which were used to analyze nutrition status, and an evaluation of their exercise training, which was used to determine mean daily exercise energy expenditure. Using independent t tests, results showed that 36.7% of female runners and 40% of male runners were classified with disordered eating (DE). Among those with DE, 50% of female runners met the criteria for dietary restraint and 41.7% of male runners reported excessive exercise. Male and female runners with DE also admitted to having disordered weight perceptions (83.3% and 75%, respectively). Female runners with DE had significantly lower intakes of energy (2318.7±284.2 vs. 2875.3±604.5, p=0.05), protein in g/day and g/kg (96.9=18.3; 1.6±0.4 vs. 125.7±23.5; 2.3±0.5; p=0.02, p=0.01, respectively), and carbohydrates in g/day (5.2±1.3 vs. 7.2=0.8, p=0.04) compared to female runners with no DE. Male runners with DE had significantly higher calcium intake than male runners with no DE (2111.2±682.6 vs. 1480.3±562.9, p = 0.01). The findings in this study underscore the need for standardized nutrition intervention and education programs in university athletics departments as well as the need for gender specific assessment criteria for disordered eating.
Author: Elika Imandel (Graduate student)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Eating disorders in men
Languages : en
Pages : 57
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Book Description
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate nutrient intake, eating patterns, and bone mass in male collegiate runners with and without disordered eating (DE). Ninety-two male collegiate endurance runners from two NCAA Division I cross-country and track and field programs completed a baseline survey evaluating demographic characteristics, dietary restraint and pathologic behaviors, exercise training, and related health behaviors. Runners also underwent a pre-participation physical exam, one-on-one dietitian meeting including a 24-hour dietary recall, and completed an online survey evaluating food intake and eating patterns. DE was evaluated during the annual preparticipation exam and dietary restraint and pathologic behavior questions from the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire were utilized. The Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests evaluated between-group differences. Of 92 athletes (age= 19.8 ± 1.4y; BMI= 21.2 ± 1.5 kg/m2), running on average 60.8 ± 17.2 miles/week, 13% (n=12) met criteria for disordered eating. No differences were identified between runners based on DE status for age, BMI, weekly running volume, and running pace. A subset of runners (n=20) had complete data for energy availability (EA); 35% (n=7) had an EA
Author: Michael Fredericson
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323417116
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) physicians across the country see injured runners every day. Running injuries may impact other areas of the body and PM&R physicians are trained to treat the body as a whole, as opposed to treating just the injury, they work to identify the true source of the problem and develop a training or rehabilitation program to solve it.
Author: Justine Myers
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780355628517
Category : Kinesiology
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Book Description
The cross country running environment places an increased emphasis on body size that can lead to manipulation of eating behaviors to obtain the perceived ideal competitive body. Understanding body image within/outside the sport of cross country running may give insight into development of negative body image and/or disordered eating. A quasi-experiment was conducted using a convenience sample of collegiate cross-country runners competing at Illinois NCAA colleges (n=85; 30 male, 55 female). Participants completed the Body Image Assessment Scale -- Body Dimensions (BIAS-BD), Contextual Body Image Questionnaire for Athletics (CBIQA), and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Related and independent-samples t-tests, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks, Spearman Rank Order Correlations, ANOVAs, and Mann Whitney U-tests were ran. The results revealed that collegiate cross country runners displayed significant body dissatisfaction (p = 0.000) and perceived an underweight BMI to be ideal for their sport. Runners tended to view themselves as heavier when compared to the standards of their sport (Mdn = 4.25) than the standards of the general public ( Mdn = 3.83), Z = 2,016.0, p = 0.000. Competitive body image in terms of thin-fat self (r s = 0.699, p = 0.000) and thin-fat others ( rs = 0.621, p = 0.000) body image subscales had the strongest correlations with disordered eating.
Author: Laura Kate Morse
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
The Female Athlete Triad (Triad) is a relationship between energy availability (EA), menstrual dysfunction, and bone mineral density (BMD). The Triad is a complex condition that can effect an athlete both physically and psychologically. Low energy availability is thought to be at the cornerstone of the Triad; however, the factors that may impact athletes’ eating behaviors are complex and not well understood. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the perspectives of female collegiate cross country runners from Division I schools on eating behaviors and attitudes toward health. METHODS: Phenomenologic qualitative research methods were used in this study. Six NCAA Division I female collegiate cross country runners, 18 to 20, all attending the same university participated in the interviews. All interviews were conducted individually and consisted of a semi-structured format with a flexible guide of open-ended questions. Each interview was recorded, and later transcribed. Three researchers individually coded and developed themes/subthemes, and then collaborated as a team to negotiate a set of themes/subthemes. RESULTS: Three main themes and 11 sub-themes became apparent through analysis of the transcripts of the six participant interviews. The three themes were nutritional views, identity as a runner, and psychological factors. DISCUSSION: There were consistent interactions among the themes and subthemes, and each athlete’s identity as a runner clearly had an impact on her perception of health. Many of the runners expressed the need to eat a more balanced diet; however, they found restricted options within their campus cafeteria. Time constraints as well as availability of nutritional content, and the belief that the diet for a runner is different than a non-athlete, all played a role in the athletes making nutritional choices. Therefore, the ability for athletes to exercise control in what they consume may affect their possible awareness of caloric intake and allow for a larger focus on their performance. Overall, athletes tended to report not limiting their diets based on outside influences, but only limiting themselves when food was considered unhealthy and had the potential to lead to weight gain. Furthermore, the athletes expressed the need for balance between caloric intake and expenditure. The athletes also expressed uncertainty on how to attain nutritional balance, either due to an expressed lack of either reliable nutritional sources or nutritional knowledge. Individualized education and establishing trustworthiness are important areas for health care professionals to address. CONCLUSION: The Interactions that occurred between the subthemes and themes in this study demonstrated that there were multiple factors beyond nutritional knowledge influencing the athletes’ nutritional behaviors. These findings give some insight into the nutritional decisions in female runners that may impact the female athlete triad, but clearly it is a complex issue.
Author: Megan-Anne Perrin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This study was an examination of the determinants of disordered eating development among female collegiate distance runners. More specifically, the study examined the impact of thinness-emphasizing and thinness-promoting messages disseminated by mass media and running-specific media, and how those messages affected disordered eating among a sample of female collegiate distance runners. It also examines current female collegiate distance runners' attitudes toward disordered eating, subjective norms from referent individuals close to female collegiate distance runners regarding disordered eating, and female collegiate distance runners' perceived behavioral control regarding disordered eating - which was divided into various internal and external control factors either inhibiting or facilitating disordered eating among them. The study was qualitative in nature and assumed a multi-method approach. It included an online, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire among 166 current NCAA Division I female distance runners; four small, confidential focus groups with current NCAA Division I female distance runners from four different teams; and 16 in-depth interviews with professional distance runners, dietitians, coaches, physicians, and sports psychologists. The study sought to answer four research questions - each based on an element of the study's guiding theory, the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991). Overall, the study found media messages, attitudes, subjective norms, and various internal and external control factors all facilitated disordered eating among NCAA Division I female distance runners. Based upon these findings, the study offers recommendations for practitioners in the field of health communication, coaches, academic institutions with cross country and track teams, and female collegiate distance runners.
Author: Trisha Armstrong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Introduction: Recent literature has explored eating behaviors throughout the female collegiate cross country runner population, finding that often nutritional knowledge is not optimal, and both disordered eating and the female athlete triad exist. However, the relationship between nutritional knowledge and eating behaviors is unclear. The primary purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of female collegiate cross country runners on eating behaviors and attitudes toward health. Methods: During the 2013 cross country season, 5 NAIA and 5 Division II female cross country runners, ages 18-22, participated in this qualitative research study. The relationship between eating behavior and attitudes toward health was examined through individual, semi-structured interviews. After transcription of the interviews, each student researcher independently developed themes and sub-themes and then met to negotiate findings. Results: The following four themes were identified: health behaviors, nutritional knowledge, influences, and health attitudes. This participants’ statements suggested that influences, nutritional knowledge, and attitude all affected the health behaviors of the cross country runner. Not only did they change health behaviors, but influences, nutritional knowledge, and attitude also intertwined with each other, affecting one another. Discussion: While nutritional knowledge does play a role in health behaviors of the female runner, it is not the sole contributor. Complex and interconnected relationships between eating behaviors and attitudes toward health were identified and were unique in each female collegiate cross country runner. Conclusion: The development of health behaviors of female collegiate cross country runners was exposed throughout this qualitative study. This in-depth understanding may assist in interpreting the behavioral causes of the female athlete triad and therefore the management as well as prevention of this disorder. Acknowledgements: Barbara Hoogenboom, Cynthia Grapczynski, participating women’s cross country teams, athletic directors and coaches.
Author: Kristen Gillespie
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321694987
Category : Cross-country running
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a nutrition education intervention on dietary behaviors and health outcomes among elite collegiate Cross Country runners. Specifically, this study evaluated the impact of the nutrition education intervention on daily caloric intake, energy deficiency, and BMI of NCAA male and female Cross Country runners, as well as menstrual status of the female Cross Country runners, from Fall 2013 to Fall 2014. Data was collected on 23 student-athletes. Results showed that the nutrition education intervention did not significantly change energy status, weight status, or menstrual dysfunction from Fall 2013 to Fall 2014. In addition, there was no significant relationship between change in energy status and a likelihood to meet expected weight or criteria for eumenorrhea in females from Fall 2013 to Fall 2014.
Author: Ron A. Thompson
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135839670
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 301
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Book Description
Over the past fifteen years, there has been a great increase in the knowledge of eating disorders in sport and effective means of treatment. In this book, the authors draw on their extensive clinical experience to discuss how to identify, manage, treat, and prevent eating disorders in sport participants. They begin by examining the clinical conditions related to eating problems, including descriptions of specific disorders and a review of the relevant literature. Special attention is given to the specific gender and sport-related factors that can negatively influence the eating habits of athletes. The second half of the book discusses identification of participants with disordered eating by reviewing symptoms and how they manifest in sport; management issues for sport personnel, coaches, athletic trainers, and healthcare professionals; treatment; and medical considerations, such as the use of psychotropic medications. A list of useful resources is included in an appendix, as well as a glossary of important terms.
Author: Maren Stein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 47
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Book Description
The purpose of this study was to assess whether gender has an effect related to a nutrition intervention improving the endurance runners' energy intake, nutritional status, and anthropometric indicators. In Fall 2013, runners from NCAA Division I Cross-Country teams (n=23) completed baseline questionnaires to collect information regarding baseline health history, anthropometric information, menstrual history (for female athletes), history of athletic participation, and sports performance. Runners also completed three 24-hour dietary recalls, which were used to analyze nutritional status, and a 7-day exercise log, which was used to determine their average daily exercise energy expenditure. After collection of data, the subjects participated in a nutrition intervention created by the team dietitians, including individualized and group sessions emphasizing nutrition for the endurance athlete. Dietary intakes and energy expenditures were collected in Fall 2014 to assess the success of the intervention program. Using paired sample t tests to compare pre- and post-intervention data, the results showed no significant differences in nutritional intakes and energy expenditure between the genders. Using independent t tests within the genders, the results for the males showed significant differences in energy intake in g/day and g/kg (-395.8±183.1, p=0.04; -6.5±2.7, p=0.03), carbohydrate intake in g/day and g/kg (-74.8±29.8, p=0.02; -1.9±0.4, p=0.02), exercise energy expenditure (+255.8±113.5, p=0.04), and weekly running mileage (+11.3±3.8, p=0.01). The findings in this study point to the need for more research on nutrition education programs for collegiate endurance athletes that can benefit both genders equally.
