An Evaluation of Vaccination in Poultry as an Intervention Strategy for Control of H5n1 Avian Influenza Infection PDF Download
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Author: Christopher John Brackman
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
ISBN: 9781361019061
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This dissertation, "An Evaluation of Vaccination in Poultry as an Intervention Strategy for Control of H5N1 Avian Influenza Infection" by Christopher John, Brackman, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Background H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) continues to be a serious threat to human and animal health with upwards of 840 human infections and 447 deaths since 2003. It also has pandemic potential. Vaccination in poultry has been employed in a number of countries as a strategy to control the virus. Methods A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google to locate relevant articles in English that examined the effectiveness of vaccination for controlling H5N1 HPAI. Results Experimental evidence demonstrates that vaccination is able to reduce infection rates, decrease replication and excretion of virus, reduce morbidity and mortality and prevent transmission in poultry. Its use in the field has met with mixed success. Clearly positive results in reduction of outbreaks in poultry and human infections have been seen in Vietnam and Hong Kong but not in some other endemic countries. The use of vaccination as a strategy is also challenged by such factors as the emergence of antigenic variants, non-sterilising immunity, and practical on the ground issues. Conclusion Despite some limitations vaccination of poultry as a part of a holistic H5N1 control strategy to protect human and animal health is recommended in a number of circumstances but a clear objective must be established. Further efforts are required in the development of vaccines and vaccination strategy but also in more clearly determining the additional benefit derived from vaccination over other control methods. Subjects: Avian influenza - Prevention Poultry - Vaccination
Author: Christopher John Brackman
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
ISBN: 9781361019061
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This dissertation, "An Evaluation of Vaccination in Poultry as an Intervention Strategy for Control of H5N1 Avian Influenza Infection" by Christopher John, Brackman, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Background H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) continues to be a serious threat to human and animal health with upwards of 840 human infections and 447 deaths since 2003. It also has pandemic potential. Vaccination in poultry has been employed in a number of countries as a strategy to control the virus. Methods A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google to locate relevant articles in English that examined the effectiveness of vaccination for controlling H5N1 HPAI. Results Experimental evidence demonstrates that vaccination is able to reduce infection rates, decrease replication and excretion of virus, reduce morbidity and mortality and prevent transmission in poultry. Its use in the field has met with mixed success. Clearly positive results in reduction of outbreaks in poultry and human infections have been seen in Vietnam and Hong Kong but not in some other endemic countries. The use of vaccination as a strategy is also challenged by such factors as the emergence of antigenic variants, non-sterilising immunity, and practical on the ground issues. Conclusion Despite some limitations vaccination of poultry as a part of a holistic H5N1 control strategy to protect human and animal health is recommended in a number of circumstances but a clear objective must be established. Further efforts are required in the development of vaccines and vaccination strategy but also in more clearly determining the additional benefit derived from vaccination over other control methods. Subjects: Avian influenza - Prevention Poultry - Vaccination
Author: Christopher John Brackman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Avian influenza
Languages : en
Pages : 25
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Book Description
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9789251057339
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
This publication contains a revised global strategy for dealing with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) developed by the FAO and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), in collaboration with WHO, and drawing on experiences and lessons learned since the panzootic started in late 2003. This third revision sets out a long-term vision and goals, identifies priorities and strategic approaches, and proposes actions at national, regional and global levels to control and ultimately eradicate the disease.
Author: Erica Spackman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1588299392
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 147
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Book Description
With the growing global fear of a major pandemic, avian influenza (AI) virus research has greatly increased in importance. In Avian Influenza Virus, an expert team of researchers and diagnosticians examine the fundamental, yet essential, virological methods for AI virus research and diagnostics as well as some of the newest molecular procedures currently used for basic and applied research. They present exciting, cutting-edge new methods that focus both on studying the virus itself and on work with avian hosts, an area greatly lacking in research.
Author: Betty Dodet
Publisher: S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
The international community is confronted with a crisis caused by the unprecedented global spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza and its consequent scientific, economic, political, social and ethical challenges. Control strategies based only on the application of sanitary measures and the culling of animals that are infected or suspected of being infected have proven insufficient to avoid the propagation of infection. The OIE, together with the FAO, recommend the strategic use of poultry vaccination in certain situations as part of an overall integrated strategy to control the disease. This volume presents the proceedings of a scientific conference co-organized by the OIE, FAO and the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie with the support of the European Commission. The conference brought together scientists, representatives of government authorities, industry and other stakeholders to review current methods and recent experiences in the use of vaccination as a means to control and prevent losses due to avian influenza. They also scrutinized international standards and regulations for vaccination and considered the implementation of vaccination programmes. The proceedings include presentations on the experiences made in various parts of the world and the challenges and constraints faced by developing countries in implementing effective vaccination campaigns. Other contributions provide guidance to decision makers concerned with planning vaccination campaigns and up-to-date information on developments in avian influenza vaccines, their efficacy, their performance in different avian species and on strategies of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals as well as their application.
Author: Ida Ho Ting Chung
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781109385830
Category : Avian influenza
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is an important emerging pathogen of world-wide importance. Its high mutation rate is expanding influenza's spread and host range, thus it is important to study the effects of this evolving virus. Our goal was to evaluate the avian innate immune response to infection with HPAI virus. The avian innate immunity microarray (AIIM) is a genomics tool designed to study the transcriptional activity of the avian innate immune response. Using the AIIM, we evaluated spleen RNA from unvaccinated and vaccinated birds challenged with A/Egret/HK/757.2/02 (HPAI H5N1). Three groups of birds were analyzed: naïve control (NC) leghorn chickens, leghorn chickens challenged with A/Egret/HK/757.2/02 (HPAI H5N1) (CH), and leghorn chickens that were vaccinated with an H5N9 oil emulsion vaccine followed by challenge with H5N1 (VCH). RNA was extracted from spleens 24 hours post-inoculation. The spleen RNA samples were used for hybridization on the AIIM using a dye swap design with Cy3 and Cy5 dyes. Each slide consisted of two samples, a control sample and an experimental sample, each labeled with a different dye. Hybridizations were carried out overnight at 42°C, and then slides were scanned using a GenePixTM 4000B Laser Scanner. Gene expression levels were assessed using GeneSpring GX 7.3 software. Evaluation of the unvaccinated chicken spleen data demonstrated that 288 genes exhibited greater than two-fold changes in gene expression when compared to the control spleen data. Pathway analysis revealed the induction of antiviral genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Only 11 elements were found to have greater than two-fold changes in gene expression upon analysis of the unvaccinated chicken spleen data compared to the control. Comparisons of different innate immune pathways and cytokines revealed that the unvaccinated chickens showed a greater response to infection with H5N1 than the vaccinated chickens. This study shows that the AIIM can be used to study the transcriptional activity of genes in response to highly pathogenic avian influenza, as well as to study the immunological pathways and cytokines involved in the response to viral infection.
Author: David E. Swayne
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0813818664
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 626
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Book Description
Avian Influenza provides the first comprehensive guide covering the full spectrum of this complex and increasingly high-profile disease, its history and its treatment and control. All aspects of avian influenza are dealt with in depth, systematically covering biology, virology, diagnostics, ecology, epidemiology, clinical medicine, and the control. The book fuses coverage of the latest discoveries in the basic sciences with a practical approach to dealing with the disease in a clinical setting, and providing instruction and guidance for veterinarians and government animal health officials encountering this disease in the field. Avian Influenza provides the reader with a global perspective, bringing together chapters written by leading animal health researchers and veterinarians with significant experience working with this disease. Providing a summary and synthesis of important data and research on this virus, its impact on both wild and domesticated birds, and approaches to controlling the spread of the disease, Avian Influenza will be an invaluable resource for all veterinarians, scientists, animal health professionals, and public health officials dealing with this virus. * Covers full range of topics within avian influenza in one comprehensive and authoritative text * Provides a summarization of peer-reviewed and empirical data on avian influenza viruses, the infection and diseases they cause * Discusses strategies used in control of the disease * Leading experts are drawn together to provide an international and multi-disciplinary perspective * Fuses latest developments in basic scientific research with practical guidance on management of the disease
Author: Richard W Compans
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540921656
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 514
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Book Description
Recent years have seen unprecedented outbreaks of avian influenza A viruses. In particular, highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses have not only resulted in widespread outbreaks in domestic poultry, but have been transmitted to humans, resulting in numerous fatalities. The rapid expansion in their geographic distribution and the possibility that these viruses could acquire the ability to spread from person to person raises the risk that such a virus could cause a global pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. An effective influenza vaccine represents the best approach to prevent and control such an emerging pandemic. However, current influenza vaccines are directed at existing seasonal influenza viruses, which have little or no antigenic relationship to the highly pathogenic H5N1 strains. Concerns about pandemic preparedness have greatly stimulated research activities to develop eff- tive vaccines for pandemic influenza viruses, and to overcome the limitations inh- ent in current approaches to vaccine production and distribution. These limitations include the use of embryonated chicken eggs as the substrate for vaccine prod- tion, which is time-consuming and could involve potential biohazards in growth of new virus strains. Other limitations include the requirement that the current inac- vated influenza vaccines be administered using needles and syringes, requiring trained personnel, which could be a bottleneck when attempting to vaccinate large populations in mass campaigns. In addition, the current inactivated vaccines that are delivered by injection elicit limited protective immunity in the upper respiratory tract where the infection process is initiated.
Author: David E. Swayne
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118924339
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 755
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Book Description
Animal Influenza, Second Edition is a comprehensive text on animal influenza. Organized by species, coverage includes avian, swine, equine and mammals, with each section including data on influenza viruses, the infection and disease they cause, and strategies used in control. Covers the full range of topics within avian, swine, equine and mammalian influenzas in one comprehensive and authoritative text Provides a summarization of peer-reviewed and empirical data on influenza viruses, the infection, and diseases they cause Discusses strategies used in control of the disease Leading experts are drawn together to provide an international and multi-disciplinary perspective Fuses latest developments in basic scientific research with practical guidance on management of the disease
Author: Chen Qiu
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789811614316
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
Some avian influenza viruses can infect humans, cause disease, and even result in deaths. This book comprehensively and systematically presents the theory, diagnosis and clinical treatment of typical avian influenza viruses in human. The first chapters introduce the ethiology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis and treatment of human avian influenza and complications. The following chapters include overview, extensive images, differential diagnosis and clinical cases of H7N9, H5N1, H5N6, H10N8, H9N2 and H7N4 avian influenza. Written by practitioners directly involved in the prevention and clinical treatment of human avian influenza, it will be an invaluable aid for practitioners in centers for infectious disease control and prevention, hospitals, and academic institutions to improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment of avian influenza in human.
