An ENERGY-EFFICIENT, HIGH SPEED CLASS-E TRANSMITTER FOR BATTERY-FREE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS. PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download An ENERGY-EFFICIENT, HIGH SPEED CLASS-E TRANSMITTER FOR BATTERY-FREE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS. PDF full book. Access full book title An ENERGY-EFFICIENT, HIGH SPEED CLASS-E TRANSMITTER FOR BATTERY-FREE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS. by Zina Saheb. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Zina Saheb
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Energy efficiency and power consumption are increasingly important in wireless communications and especially for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The limited energy budget in a WSN imposes many constraints on the transmitter side and limits WSN performance especially with the increasing demand for a high data rate in biomedical and imaging applications. In this dissertation, an energy-efficient, high data rate, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) class-E transmitter is developed. This transmitter is a promising alternative to conventional phase shift keying (PSK) and direct modulation transmitters. This prototype is fully integrated in CMOS 65 nm technology and has an optimized power consumption and output power to achieve good efficiency and a high data rate. The prototype transmitter employs a class-E power oscillator along with system and circuit level design methodology to maximize the efficiency. The power oscillator is a self-oscillating power amplifier that utilizes a positive feedback system. An efficient new technique for phase modulation (PM) that achieves the 360o phase shift without the need for an additional circuit is presented. The transmitter operates at 2.4 GHz with a data rate of 69 Mbps and transmitting power of -6.8 dBm with achieved energy/bit of 42 pJ/bit and 2.9 mW power consumption. The transmitter's global efficiency is between 7.7% to 23% under a 0.4 V power supply. The first class-E power oscillator is tunable between 1.9 and 3.3 GHz. It is robust to ∓20% frequency deviation due to PVT variations. The second power oscillator is designed to be suitable for more area-efficient applications to reduce the fabrication cost. It achieves a peak output power of −0.5 dBm and a peak efficiency of 37.5% under a 0.4 V power supply and frequency tuning range of 1.66-2.7 GHz. This oscillator is robust to ∓15% frequency deviation from a 2.4 GHz nominal frequency. Towards the implementation of a battery-free WSN, an autonomous and reconfigurable triple band energy harvester, capable of performing high RF power tracking to maximize the harvested DC power and enhance efficiency, is developed. The harvester has the potential of being deployed along with remote sensor nodes to enhance the nodes' operational life-time. A peak PCEs of 57%, 43% and 33% are achieved at 2.4 GHz, 900 MHz and 1.2 GHz respectively. 30% and 10% increments in the harvested voltage at 900 MHz and 1.2 GHz with a sensitivity of -19 dBm are achieved. This work emphasizes techniques to improve the energy efficiency of WSN transmitters towards the next generation of WSN. It is anticipated that these solutions will shape future work towards solving many challenging research problems in WSNs.
Author: Zina Saheb
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Energy efficiency and power consumption are increasingly important in wireless communications and especially for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The limited energy budget in a WSN imposes many constraints on the transmitter side and limits WSN performance especially with the increasing demand for a high data rate in biomedical and imaging applications. In this dissertation, an energy-efficient, high data rate, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) class-E transmitter is developed. This transmitter is a promising alternative to conventional phase shift keying (PSK) and direct modulation transmitters. This prototype is fully integrated in CMOS 65 nm technology and has an optimized power consumption and output power to achieve good efficiency and a high data rate. The prototype transmitter employs a class-E power oscillator along with system and circuit level design methodology to maximize the efficiency. The power oscillator is a self-oscillating power amplifier that utilizes a positive feedback system. An efficient new technique for phase modulation (PM) that achieves the 360o phase shift without the need for an additional circuit is presented. The transmitter operates at 2.4 GHz with a data rate of 69 Mbps and transmitting power of -6.8 dBm with achieved energy/bit of 42 pJ/bit and 2.9 mW power consumption. The transmitter's global efficiency is between 7.7% to 23% under a 0.4 V power supply. The first class-E power oscillator is tunable between 1.9 and 3.3 GHz. It is robust to ∓20% frequency deviation due to PVT variations. The second power oscillator is designed to be suitable for more area-efficient applications to reduce the fabrication cost. It achieves a peak output power of −0.5 dBm and a peak efficiency of 37.5% under a 0.4 V power supply and frequency tuning range of 1.66-2.7 GHz. This oscillator is robust to ∓15% frequency deviation from a 2.4 GHz nominal frequency. Towards the implementation of a battery-free WSN, an autonomous and reconfigurable triple band energy harvester, capable of performing high RF power tracking to maximize the harvested DC power and enhance efficiency, is developed. The harvester has the potential of being deployed along with remote sensor nodes to enhance the nodes' operational life-time. A peak PCEs of 57%, 43% and 33% are achieved at 2.4 GHz, 900 MHz and 1.2 GHz respectively. 30% and 10% increments in the harvested voltage at 900 MHz and 1.2 GHz with a sensitivity of -19 dBm are achieved. This work emphasizes techniques to improve the energy efficiency of WSN transmitters towards the next generation of WSN. It is anticipated that these solutions will shape future work towards solving many challenging research problems in WSNs.
Author: Napong Panitantum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 97
Get Book Here
Book Description
As the number of autonomous data collection applications keep increasing, the demand for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has seen explosive growth. In this dissertation, an ultra-low-energy WSN transmitter is developed to reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes in WSNs. With an ultra-low-energy transceiver, it is possible to eliminate the battery in the sensor node and power itself with an energy harvester, thus creating a battery-free sensor node. A variety of applications can be accommodated with the battery-free sensor node as it has small size, light weight, and endless lifetime. Two prototype WSN transmitters are implemented to demonstrate the transmitter energy minimization. The first transmitter incorporates a fast frequency calibration to shorten the oscillation frequency tuning time. This minimizes energy wasted during the transmitter start-up period. The energy consumption of the second transmitter that employs a power oscillator architecture is minimized by maximizing the transmitter efficiency. The efficiency of the power oscillator circuit is analyzed and the design procedure for maximum efficiency is then developed. Prototype WSN transmitters were fabricated in 0.18-um CMOS technology. The first transmitter operates in the 915-MHz ISM band. With 0.5-MHz reference frequency, the transmitter takes only 72 us for the BFSK frequency calibration. It dissipates a power of 1.91 mW while radiating a power of -2.9 dBm. The second transmitter operates in the 2.45-GHz ISM band on a single supply of 0.65 V. The transmitter has efficiency as high as 23 % at -5.2 dBm radiated power. This corresponds to a low power consumption of 1.34 mW.
Author: Olfa Kanoun
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110436116
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 497
Get Book Here
Book Description
Wireless sensors and sensor networks (WSNs) are nowadays becoming increasingly important due to their decisive advantages. Different trends towards the Internet of Things (IoT), Industry 4.0 and 5G Networks address massive sensing and admit to have wireless sensors delivering measurement data directly to the Web in a reliable and easy manner. These sensors can only be supported, if sufficient energy efficiency and flexible solutions are developed for energy-aware wireless sensor nodes. In the last years, different possibilities for energy harvesting have been investigated showing a high level of maturity. This book gives therefore an overview on fundamentals and techniques for energy harvesting and energy transfer from different points of view. Different techniques and methods for energy transfer, management and energy saving on network level are reported together with selected interesting applications. The book is interesting for researchers, developers and students in the field of sensors, wireless sensors, WSNs, IoT and manifold application fields using related technologies. The book is organized in four major parts. The first part of the book introduces essential fundamentals and methods, while the second part focusses on vibration converters and hybridization. The third part is dedicated to wireless energy transfer, including both RF and inductive energy transfer. Finally, the fourth part of the book treats energy saving and management strategies. The main contents are: Essential fundamentals and methods of wireless sensors Energy harvesting from vibration Hybrid vibration energy converters Electromagnetic transducers Piezoelectric transducers Magneto-electric transducers Non-linear broadband converters Energy transfer via magnetic fields RF energy transfer Energy saving techniques Energy management strategies Energy management on network level Applications in agriculture Applications in structural health monitoring Application in power grids Prof. Dr. Olfa Kanoun is professor for measurement and sensor technology at Chemnitz university of technology. She is specialist in the field of sensors and sensor systems design.
Author: Vidushi Sharma
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 149878335X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 297
Get Book Here
Book Description
The advances in low-power electronic devices integrated with wireless communication capabilities are one of recent areas of research in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). One of the major challenges in WSNs is uniform and least energy dissipation while increasing the lifetime of the network. This is the first book that introduces the energy efficient wireless sensor network techniques and protocols. The text covers the theoretical as well as the practical requirements to conduct and trigger new experiments and project ideas. The advanced techniques will help in industrial problem solving for energy-hungry wireless sensor network applications.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781109248807
Category : Data transmission systems
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Sensor networks provide applications in many diverse areas. This is for the simple fact that they are reliable, flexible, easily deployable and highly cost-effective. Smart sensors can provide such diverse services as detecting signs of machine failures, sensing earthquakes, onset of flooding and even provide a warning system for potential terrorist attacks. Because the sensors are untethered and battery powered, these networks have to maintain a high yield to the energy spent per sensor device. These yields translate into mainly throughputs and packet latencies while keeping the energy usage at the minimum. In this work, we look at the communication level energy usage within the sensor networks and propose novel scheme for channel access optimized for energy consumption and rate control algorithms for traffic engineering and congestion control in wireless sensor networks. The first involves a novel medium access protocol for wireless sensor networks. The protocol is based on exploiting the periodicity inherent in carrier sensing schemes like CSMA/CA combined with a relaxed time-access arbitration regime among the competing nodes. Transmission and reception of data frames are made to be strictly receiver triggered events which makes it possible to bring down idle-listening drastically. The protocol also provides a way to make the channel access collision-free among the two-degree neighbors. PMAC requires no additional control signaling and no network-wide synchronization. The protocol does not seek to make any tradeoff for the gains in energy efficiency with latency or throughput. It presents high-energy efficiency and throughput improvement in low as well as high-traffic scenarios of sleeping. In the second part, we propose novel rate-control algorithms for the wireless sensor networks. There has been a growth in personal area network technologies like Bluetooth etc to support various applications that require multimedia level QoS in a high interference environment. Applications such as voice data traffic, file transfers, periodic synching of electronic devices within the range of 10m-15m requires sophisticated yet simple channel access techniques that accommodate different QoS requirements of these applications. In this context, the new rate control algorithms were designed that reduces the interference and maximized the throughput and reliability parameters such as packet success rates, packet latency and aggregate throughput per flow. Moreover, the rate control algorithm also takes into account the fairness issues among the competing flows in terms of the bandwidth-share.
Author: Chong-Min Kyung
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400716796
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 295
Get Book Here
Book Description
Power consumption becomes the most important design goal in a wide range of electronic systems. There are two driving forces towards this trend: continuing device scaling and ever increasing demand of higher computing power. First, device scaling continues to satisfy Moore’s law via a conventional way of scaling (More Moore) and a new way of exploiting the vertical integration (More than Moore). Second, mobile and IT convergence requires more computing power on the silicon chip than ever. Cell phones are now evolving towards mobile PC. PCs and data centers are becoming commodities in house and a must in industry. Both supply enabled by device scaling and demand triggered by the convergence trend realize more computation on chip (via multi-core, integration of diverse functionalities on mobile SoCs, etc.) and finally more power consumption incurring power-related issues and constraints. Energy-Aware System Design: Algorithms and Architectures provides state-of-the-art ideas for low power design methods from circuit, architecture to software level and offers design case studies in three fast growing areas of mobile storage, biomedical and security. Important topics and features: - Describes very recent advanced issues and methods for energy-aware design at each design level from circuit and architecture to algorithm level, and also covering important blocks including low power main memory subsystem and on-chip network at architecture level - Explains efficient power conversion and delivery which is becoming important as heterogeneous power sources are adopted for digital and non-digital parts - Investigates 3D die stacking emphasizing temperature awareness for better perspective on energy efficiency - Presents three practical energy-aware design case studies; novel storage device (e.g., solid state disk), biomedical electronics (e.g., cochlear and retina implants), and wireless surveillance camera systems. Researchers and engineers in the field of hardware and software design will find this book an excellent starting point to catch up with the state-of-the-art ideas of low power design.
Author: Jun Zheng
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470443510
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 521
Get Book Here
Book Description
Learn the fundamental concepts, major challenges, and effective solutions in wireless sensor networking This book provides a comprehensive and systematic introduction to the fundamental concepts, major challenges, and effective solutions in wireless sensor networking (WSN). Distinguished from other books, it focuses on the networking aspects of WSNs and covers the most important networking issues, including network architecture design, medium access control, routing and data dissemination, node clustering, node localization, query processing, data aggregation, transport and quality of service, time synchronization, network security, and sensor network standards. With contributions from internationally renowned researchers, Wireless Sensor Networks expertly strikes a balance between fundamental concepts and state-of-the-art technologies, providing readers with unprecedented insights into WSNs from a networking perspective. It is essential reading for a broad audience, including academic researchers, research engineers, and practitioners in industry. It is also suitable as a textbook or supplementary reading for electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science courses at the graduate level.
Author: Alper Erturk
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119991358
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 377
Get Book Here
Book Description
The transformation of vibrations into electric energy through the use of piezoelectric devices is an exciting and rapidly developing area of research with a widening range of applications constantly materialising. With Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting, world-leading researchers provide a timely and comprehensive coverage of the electromechanical modelling and applications of piezoelectric energy harvesters. They present principal modelling approaches, synthesizing fundamental material related to mechanical, aerospace, civil, electrical and materials engineering disciplines for vibration-based energy harvesting using piezoelectric transduction. Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting provides the first comprehensive treatment of distributed-parameter electromechanical modelling for piezoelectric energy harvesting with extensive case studies including experimental validations, and is the first book to address modelling of various forms of excitation in piezoelectric energy harvesting, ranging from airflow excitation to moving loads, thus ensuring its relevance to engineers in fields as disparate as aerospace engineering and civil engineering. Coverage includes: Analytical and approximate analytical distributed-parameter electromechanical models with illustrative theoretical case studies as well as extensive experimental validations Several problems of piezoelectric energy harvesting ranging from simple harmonic excitation to random vibrations Details of introducing and modelling piezoelectric coupling for various problems Modelling and exploiting nonlinear dynamics for performance enhancement, supported with experimental verifications Applications ranging from moving load excitation of slender bridges to airflow excitation of aeroelastic sections A review of standard nonlinear energy harvesting circuits with modelling aspects.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 88
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Author: Mao, Guoqiang
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1605663972
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 526
Get Book Here
Book Description
Wireless localization techniques are an area that has attracted interest from both industry and academia, with self-localization capability providing a highly desirable characteristic of wireless sensor networks. Localization Algorithms and Strategies for Wireless Sensor Networks encompasses the significant and fast growing area of wireless localization techniques. This book provides comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of topics and fundamental theories underpinning measurement techniques and localization algorithms. A useful compilation for academicians, researchers, and practitioners, this Premier Reference Source contains relevant references and the latest studies emerging out of the wireless sensor network field.
