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Author: M. Kara
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computer network architectures
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Abstract: "Over the past few years, there has been a strong and growing interest in faster network technologies such as FDDI and ATM. However, the perceived throughput at the application level has not always increased accordingly. Various performance bottlenecks have been encountered each of which has to be analysed and corrected. This paper presents a performance evaluation of continuous video data streams over ATM networks and compares them with similar experiments over Ethernet networks. The ATM LAN testbed for these experiments consists of three SG R4000 Indigos workstations connected by ATM Fore first generation interface cards and a Synoptics ATM switch. It is expected that video applications would run faster on ATM networks than Ethernet networks. A preliminary examination suggested to us that data movements through the protocol stack and the processing overheads were considerably high and that with some parameter settings, experiments with Ethernet would perform four to five times better than those with ATM. To address and explore this issue, a packetisation process has been added within the video application that would split each video frame into a number of packets. We show that by implementing a packetisation process at the application level, the end host is able to deliver cells at a faster rate. The sensitivity of these parameters, and also the overheads involved are discussed. The results are consistent over a range of video frame sizes: CIF(25 K), QCIF(101 K), and SCIF(405 K)."
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Author: M. Kara
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computer network architectures
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Book Description
Abstract: "Over the past few years, there has been a strong and growing interest in faster network technologies such as FDDI and ATM. However, the perceived throughput at the application level has not always increased accordingly. Various performance bottlenecks have been encountered each of which has to be analysed and corrected. This paper presents a performance evaluation of continuous video data streams over ATM networks and compares them with similar experiments over Ethernet networks. The ATM LAN testbed for these experiments consists of three SG R4000 Indigos workstations connected by ATM Fore first generation interface cards and a Synoptics ATM switch. It is expected that video applications would run faster on ATM networks than Ethernet networks. A preliminary examination suggested to us that data movements through the protocol stack and the processing overheads were considerably high and that with some parameter settings, experiments with Ethernet would perform four to five times better than those with ATM. To address and explore this issue, a packetisation process has been added within the video application that would split each video frame into a number of packets. We show that by implementing a packetisation process at the application level, the end host is able to deliver cells at a faster rate. The sensitivity of these parameters, and also the overheads involved are discussed. The results are consistent over a range of video frame sizes: CIF(25 K), QCIF(101 K), and SCIF(405 K)."
Author: I. Sebuektekin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 21
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Book Description
This paper outlines some basic performance characteristics of the Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). It also discusses a few solutions to assure acceptable TCP/IP performance over ATM which are implemented by the industry the during the last couple of years. The conclusions in this paper are based on empirical TCP/IP performance test results collected on a DS3 ATM research testbed, architected with commercially available IP and ATM equipment. TCP/IP performance can vary widely and suffer significantly over ATM networks with large Bandwidth Delay products. First, it is essential that the TCP window size matches the Bandwidth Delay product of the end-to-end connection to fully utilize the bandwidth provided by the broadband network. Even if the window size meets this criteria, TCP performance can still be unacceptable, especially if the buffering within the ATM network is limited. A single limited-buffer bottleneck is sufficient to degrade the performance of a TCP connection when multiple traffic sources congest the bottleneck resource, such as in ATM networks with small buffer switches. One approach to assure acceptable TCP/IP performance is to limit the data rate into the bottleneck resource by exercising rate control at the entry to the ATM network. A better solution is to provide sufficient buffering within the ATM network.
Author: Ismail Dalgic̨
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 634
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Author: Hu, Wen-Chen
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1466647167
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 337
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Book Description
The development of new information and communication technologies has a considerable impact on the way humans interact with each other and their environment. The proper use of these technologies is an important consideration in the success of modern human endeavors. Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Telecommunications, Wireless Systems, and Mobile Computing explores some of the latest advances in wireless communication technologies, making use of empirical research and analytical case studies to evaluate best practices in the discipline. This book will provide insight into the next generation of information and communication technologies for developers, engineers, students, researchers, and managers in the telecommunications field.
Author: Stanford University. Computer Systems Laboratory
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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In this report the performance of Ethernets (10Base-T and 100Base-T) and ATM networks carrying multimedia traffic is presented. End-to-end delay requirements suitable for a wide range of multimedia applications are considered (ranging from 20 ms to 500 ms). Given the specific nature of the network considered and the maximum latency requirement, some data is lost. Data loss at the receiver causes quality degradations in the displayed video in the form of discontinuities, referred to as glitches. We define various quantities characterizing the glitches, namely, the total amount of information lost in glitches, their duration, and the rate at which glitches occur. We study these quantities for various network and traffic scenarios, using a computer simulation model driven by real video traffic generated by encoding video sequences. We also determine the maximum number of video streams that can be supported for given maximum delay requirement and glitch rate. We consider and compare the results for various types of video contents (video conferencing, motion pictures, commercials), two encoding schemes (H.261 and MPEG-1), and two encoder control schemes [Constant Bit Rate (CBR) and Constant-Quality Variable Bit Rate (CQ-VBR)], considering also scenarios where the traffic consists of various mixtures of the above. We show that when the video content is highly variable, both 100Base-T Ethernet and ATM can support many more CQ-VBR streams than CBR streams. When the video content is not much variable, as in a videoconferencing sequence, then the number of CBR and CQ-VBR streams that can be supported are comparable. For low values of end-to-end delay requirement, we show that ATM networks can support up to twice as many video streams of a given type as Ethernets for a channel capacity of 100Mb/s. For relaxed end-to-end delay requirements, both networks can support about the same number of video streams of a given type. We also determine the number of streams supportable for traffic scenarios consisting of mixtures of heterogeneous video traffic sources in terms of the video content, video encoding scheme and encoder control scheme, as well as the end-to-end delay requirement. We then consider multihop ATM network scenarios, and provide admission control guidelines for video when the network topology is an arbitrary mesh. Finally, we consider scenarios with mixtures of video and data traffic (with various degrees of burstiness), and determine the effect of one traffic type over the other.
Author: British Library. Document Supply Centre
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 772
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Book Description
Issue for Mar. 1981 contains index for Jan.-Mar. 1981 in microfiche form.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Author: Thomas Husfeldt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Asynchronous transfer mode
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
Abstract: "This report presents the results of a set of performance measurements related to communication of digital video on ATM- networks. High quality video produces large amounts data [sic] which must be communicated and processed in real-time. Satisfaction of this requirements [sic] require knowledge about the available system resources and the nature of the load that are [sic] put on these. We therefore benchmark our testbed consisting of a local area ATM network and a local area Ethernet to investigate the available resources and compressed video's use of bandwidth and cpu resources. We examine three protocol/network combinations with respect to throughput, latency and jitter: AAL-5 on an ATM-network, UDP on ATM, and UDP on Ethernet. The measurements show that AAL-5 gives the highest throughput, lowest latency, and lowest jitter. We find that a loaded Ethernet produces very high jitter values, that require special attention in a multi-media system. We conclude that AAL-5 is the better choice of the three protocols for transmission of high bandwidth real-time sensitive traffic. We analyse and compare two video compression techniques, MPEG-1 and MPEG-2. We record and compress a test video which we then analyze for its usage of bandwidth and the cpu-time required [sic] compress and decompress it. Our analysis indicates that MPEG-2 gives a better quality/bandwidth ratio than MPEG-1, and also that the variation in bandwidth and cpu usage is smaller, and thus is easier to manage. For transmission of live video, the combination of AAL-5 and MPEG-2 gives the best result: The lowest end-to-end delay and the lowest variation in end- to-end delay. Our new insight in the real-time performance characteristics of communication protocols for video communication and of compressed video have given us a solid foundation for designing and constructing multi- media applications and support systems."
Author: Wade H. Shafer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461303931
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 427
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Book Description
Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS)* at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dis semination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 39 (thesis year 1994) a total of 13,953 thesis titles from 21 Canadian and 159 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this impor tant annual reference work. While Volume 39 reports theses submitted in 1994, on occasion, certain uni versities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
Author: Yasser Rasheed
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The research work in this thesis addresses different issues related to the transport and adaptation for multimedia traffic over ATM and IP networks. We first present a characterization of multimedia applications with respect to their transport architectures and associated Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. In particular, we study the architectural components of Distributed Video Production (DVP) systems, which encompass a variety of multimedia applications with a diverse set of characteristics and QoS requirements. Based on this study, we realize the need for flexible network-level real-time adaptation, in order to deliver the requested QoS on an end-to-end basis. We then focus on real-time transport and QoS adaptation in ATM and IP networks. Both ATM and IP networking technologies attempt to provide QoS-enabled transport for their users. For ATM, we propose an integrated implementation model for ATM Adaptation Layer type 1 (AAL1) with Forward Error Correction (FEC) capabilities. We also propose an enhancement for the AAL1 protocol in order to support Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic that exhibits a Piece-wise Constant Bit Rate (PCBR) behavior, such as in the case of VBR MPEG video. We conduct a performance verification study based on a comprehensive simulation model for an end-to-end connection carrying CBR and VBR MPEG video over ATM networks. The results confirm the suitability of our implementation models for typical video applications under different network conditions. We then turn our attention to real-time transport and QoS adaptation in IP networks. We present a novel approach for providing flexible and configurable transport and adaptation functions. In particular, we propose a Generic Real-time transport and Adaptation Protocol (GRAP), which enables IP networks to transport real-time multimedia with a variety of QoS requirements under different network conditions. We explain the features and capabilities provided by GRAP and explain their role in providing QoS for the applications. For a proof of concept, we describe a reference implementation for GRAP in the form of a socket-based Application Programming Interface (API), similar to the popular Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) sockets programming model. We also demonstrate the use of GRAP sockets by developing a client-server real-time video streaming application. Finally, we perform an experimental performance verification study for GRAP. We describe the methodology of our experimental study and discuss the results obtained. Our experimental results confirm the validity of the GRAP model in achieving its design goals. In particular, we demonstrate the efficiency of the timing recovery and error control schemes in enhancing the overall Quality of Service delivered to the application. We also provide guidelines for the selection of GRAP profiles by studying the effect of different profile parameters on the delivered QoS of the GRAP connection.
