Amino Acid and Energy Requirements of Growing-finishing Pigs Kept Under Low and High Sanitary Conditions PDF Download
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Author: C.M.C. van der Peet-Schwering
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Book Description
The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary energy source (starch vs fat) and of increased levels of dietary energy and essential amino acids (EAA), related to the assumed increased EAA and energy requirements in immune stimulated pigs, on the growth performance of growing-finishing (GF) pigs under low sanitary conditions (LSC), in which the immune system of the pigs was activated, or under high sanitary conditions (HSC) resulting in a lower state of activation of the immune system. The trial was conducted with 408 male pigs (Tempo boar x (York x Dutch Landrace) sow) during the weaner, grower and finisher phase. Piglets were weaned at an age of four weeks and followed till delivery to the slaughterhouse. In a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, pigs were allocated to either high sanitary conditions (HSC) or low sanitary conditions (LSC). A contrast in sanitary conditions was generated by imposing to the pigs differences in strategy for vaccination against pathogens, cleaning and hygiene protocol, antibiotic treatment and deworming. During the growing and finishing period, pigs had ad libitum access to one of four experimental diets, a diet with starch as main energy source or a diet with fat and starch as main energy source, each diet having either basal energy and EAA concentrations (B diet) or increased concentrations in energy and EAA (I diet). The levels of supplementation of EAA and energy in the I diets compared to the B diets were based on a model that calculated the effects of low sanitary conditions on the EAA and energy requirements of pigs. At an age of nine weeks, pigs were moved to the rooms for GF pigs. The HSC GF pigs were fed a starter diet during the first five weeks, followed by a grower diet for four weeks and then a finisher diet till delivery to the slaughterhouse. The LSC GF pigs were fed a starter diet during six weeks, followed by a grower diet for four weeks and then a finisher diet till delivery to the slaughterhouse. In all pens, 8 or 9 GF pigs were housed.
Author: C.M.C. van der Peet-Schwering
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Book Description
The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary energy source (starch vs fat) and of increased levels of dietary energy and essential amino acids (EAA), related to the assumed increased EAA and energy requirements in immune stimulated pigs, on the growth performance of growing-finishing (GF) pigs under low sanitary conditions (LSC), in which the immune system of the pigs was activated, or under high sanitary conditions (HSC) resulting in a lower state of activation of the immune system. The trial was conducted with 408 male pigs (Tempo boar x (York x Dutch Landrace) sow) during the weaner, grower and finisher phase. Piglets were weaned at an age of four weeks and followed till delivery to the slaughterhouse. In a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, pigs were allocated to either high sanitary conditions (HSC) or low sanitary conditions (LSC). A contrast in sanitary conditions was generated by imposing to the pigs differences in strategy for vaccination against pathogens, cleaning and hygiene protocol, antibiotic treatment and deworming. During the growing and finishing period, pigs had ad libitum access to one of four experimental diets, a diet with starch as main energy source or a diet with fat and starch as main energy source, each diet having either basal energy and EAA concentrations (B diet) or increased concentrations in energy and EAA (I diet). The levels of supplementation of EAA and energy in the I diets compared to the B diets were based on a model that calculated the effects of low sanitary conditions on the EAA and energy requirements of pigs. At an age of nine weeks, pigs were moved to the rooms for GF pigs. The HSC GF pigs were fed a starter diet during the first five weeks, followed by a grower diet for four weeks and then a finisher diet till delivery to the slaughterhouse. The LSC GF pigs were fed a starter diet during six weeks, followed by a grower diet for four weeks and then a finisher diet till delivery to the slaughterhouse. In all pens, 8 or 9 GF pigs were housed.
Author: C.M.C. van der Peet-Schwering
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 43
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Book Description
Author: Harald Volden
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9086867189
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Book Description
NorFor is a semi-mechanistic feed evaluation system for cattle, which is used by advisors in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. This book describes in detail the system and it covers five main sections. The first is concerned with information on feed characteristics, feed analysis and feed digestion methods. The second section describes the digestion and metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and the supply and requirement of energy and metabolizable amino acids. The third section considers the prediction of feed intake and physical structure of the diet. The fourth section focuses on model evaluation and the final section provides information on the IT solutions and feed ration formulation by a non-linear economical optimization procedure. This book will be of significant interest to researchers, students and advisors of cattle nutrition and feed evaluation.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789463431972
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 181
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Book Description
Author: Elwyn R. Miller
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 1483162117
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 692
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Book Description
Swine Nutrition is a comprehensive text-reference that deals with the various aspects and knowledge in swine nutrition. The book is basically about nutrient utilization by swine. The topics discussed concerning this subject are factors influencing swine nutrition, nutrient bioavailability, appetite and feeding behavior, physical forms of feed, environment and management, immunocompetence, genetic and sex considerations, mycotoxins, and intestinal microbiology. Major and unique feedstuffs, feeding regimen in different stages of growth, and techniques in swine nutrition research are also elaborated. The text will be useful to students of advance swine nutrition courses as well as those seeking information in swine nutrition.
Author: John F. Patience
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9086867561
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
'Feed efficiency in swine' has been prepared as a comprehensive treatise on the current state of our understanding of this topic which is so important to the pork industry. Each chapter is written by international authorities who understand both the science and application of their topic area. The book provides detailed insight into the many factors affecting feed efficiency, ranging from diet processing to herd health, from nutrition to physiology and from day-to-day barn management to the adoption of advanced technologies. The authors explain such practical aspects as the challenge of interpreting feed efficiency information obtained on farm or the role of liquid feeding. The authors also delve into more scientific topics such as amino acid or energy metabolism or animal physiology. This book is written for people who have a technical interest in pork production, including nutritionists, geneticists, farm management specialists, veterinarians, other academics and, of course, pork producers.
Author: Francois Blachier
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3709113288
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Book Description
This book provides developmental data regarding piglets (with a focus on the gastrointestinal tract), data related to amino acid metabolism in pigs, data related to nutritional and physiological functions of amino acids in pigs, nutritional requirements for amino acids in pigs, signaling roles of amino acids, methodological aspects in amino acid research and the pig model for studying amino acid-related human diseases.
Author:
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 9780309059930
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Each of these popular handbooks contains comprehensive information on the nutritional needs of domestic animals and includes extensive tabular data. All are paperback and 8 1/2 x 11. Some books come with diskettes or Cds that allow users to predict nutrient requirements of specific animals under various conditions and at various life stages.
Author: Guoyao Wu
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030544621
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
Amino acids (AAs) are not only building blocks of protein, but are also signalling molecules as well as regulators of gene expression and the protein phosphorylation cascade. Additionally, AAs are key precursors for syntheses of hormones and low-molecular weight nitrogenous substances with each having enormous biological importance. For example, physiological concentrations of AA metabolites (e.g., nitric oxide, polyamines, glutathione, taurine, thyroid hormones, and serotonin) are required for cell functions. Growing evidence shows that humans and animals have dietary requirements for all proteinogenic AAs. Mammals, birds and fish also have species- and age-dependent needs for some AA-related substances. However, elevated levels of other products (e.g., ammonia, homocysteine, H2S, and asymmetric dimethylarginine) are pathogenic factors for neurological disorders, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease. Thus, optimal amounts of AAs and their ratios in diets and circulation are crucial for whole body homeostasis and health. Adequate provision of one or a mixture of functional AAs or metabolites may be beneficial for ameliorating health problems at various stages of the life cycle (e.g., fetal growth restriction, neonatal morbidity and mortality, weaning-associated intestinal dysfunction and wasting syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, the metabolic syndrome, and infertility). Dietary supplementation of these nutrients can also optimize the efficiency of metabolic transformations to enhance muscle growth, milk production, and athletic performance, while preventing excess fat deposition and reducing adiposity. Therefore, functional AAs hold great promise in improving the growth, health and well-being of individuals. Chapter 7 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309024404
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
