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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309169631
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 71
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Book Description
Each new generation of commercial aircraft produces less noise and fewer emissions per passenger-kilometer (or ton-kilometer of cargo) than the previous generation. However, the demand for air transportation services grows so quickly that total aircraft noise and emissions continue to increase. Meanwhile, federal, state, and local noise and air quality standards in the United States and overseas have become more stringent. It is becoming more difficult to reconcile public demand for inexpensive, easily accessible air transportation services with concurrent desires to reduce noise, improve local air quality, and protect the global environment against climate change and depletion of stratospheric ozone. This situation calls for federal leadership and strong action from industry and government. U.S. government, industry, and universities conduct research and develop technology that could help reduce aircraft noise and emissions-but only if the results are used to improve operational systems or standards. For example, the (now terminated) Advanced Subsonic Technology Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) generally brought new technology only to the point where a system, subsystem model, or prototype was demonstrated or could be validated in a relevant environment. Completing the maturation process-by fielding affordable, proven, commercially available systems for installation on new or modified aircraft-was left to industry and generally took place only if industry had an economic or regulatory incentive to make the necessary investment. In response to this situation, the Federal Aviation Administration, NASA, and the Environmental Protection Agency, asked the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board of the National Research Council to recommend research strategies and approaches that would further efforts to mitigate the environmental effects (i.e., noise and emissions) of aviation. The statement of task required the Committee on Aeronautics Research and Technology for Environmental Compatibility to assess whether existing research policies and programs are likely to foster the technological improvements needed to ensure that environmental constraints do not become a significant barrier to growth of the aviation sector.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309169631
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 71
Get Book Here
Book Description
Each new generation of commercial aircraft produces less noise and fewer emissions per passenger-kilometer (or ton-kilometer of cargo) than the previous generation. However, the demand for air transportation services grows so quickly that total aircraft noise and emissions continue to increase. Meanwhile, federal, state, and local noise and air quality standards in the United States and overseas have become more stringent. It is becoming more difficult to reconcile public demand for inexpensive, easily accessible air transportation services with concurrent desires to reduce noise, improve local air quality, and protect the global environment against climate change and depletion of stratospheric ozone. This situation calls for federal leadership and strong action from industry and government. U.S. government, industry, and universities conduct research and develop technology that could help reduce aircraft noise and emissions-but only if the results are used to improve operational systems or standards. For example, the (now terminated) Advanced Subsonic Technology Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) generally brought new technology only to the point where a system, subsystem model, or prototype was demonstrated or could be validated in a relevant environment. Completing the maturation process-by fielding affordable, proven, commercially available systems for installation on new or modified aircraft-was left to industry and generally took place only if industry had an economic or regulatory incentive to make the necessary investment. In response to this situation, the Federal Aviation Administration, NASA, and the Environmental Protection Agency, asked the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board of the National Research Council to recommend research strategies and approaches that would further efforts to mitigate the environmental effects (i.e., noise and emissions) of aviation. The statement of task required the Committee on Aeronautics Research and Technology for Environmental Compatibility to assess whether existing research policies and programs are likely to foster the technological improvements needed to ensure that environmental constraints do not become a significant barrier to growth of the aviation sector.
Author: Jerzy Merkisz
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781631179235
Category : Aircraft exhaust emissions
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Works related to identification of harmful exhaust components from aviation engines have continued since the second half of the last century. These works focus on high-thrust turbine engines. For this, group testing and standardization procedures have been developed containing the admissible limits of exhaust components. Since 2007 works have been underway related to the identification of harmful exhaust components from engines of low power output that have not yet been included in the emissions legislation. These actions are particularly related to the measurements of the exhaust emissions from piston aviation engines and they are focused on the fuel applied for these engines. This book presents the results of the author's own research work related to the issues of exhaust emissions from powertrains of aircraft and helicopters fitted with piston or turbine engines not yet included in the emission legislation. Research has been presented for turbocharged piston and jet engines aircraft. Test procedures have been presented related to the measurement of the exhaust emission under actual conditions of operation. The study presents analyses of the operating conditions of aviation engines, for which data from the on-board recording devices (flight parameters) have been used. Tests have been developed related to the engines operating under actual operating (in-flight) conditions. The methodology of the developed test has been validated based on a test dedicated for an aircraft fitted with a jet engine. The test results have been subject to a comparison with the results of tests applicable in the homologation procedures. Eventually, the authors proposed exhaust emissions tests dedicated to individual aircraft groups.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309440998
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 123
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Book Description
The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.
Author: F. Culick
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400916205
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 560
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Book Description
This book contains selected papers prepared for the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Unsteady Combustion", which was held in Praia da Granja, Portugal, 6-17 September 1993. Approximately 100 delegates from 14 countries attended. The Institute was the most recent in a series beginning with "Instrumentation for Combustion and Flow in Engines", held in Vimeiro, Portugal 1987 and followed by "Combusting Flow Diagnostics" conducted in Montechoro, Portugal in 1990. Together, these three Institutes have covered a wide range of experimental and theoretical topics arising in the research and development of combustion systems with particular emphasis on gas-turbine combustors and internal combustion engines. The emphasis has evolved roughly from instrumentation and experimental techniques to the mixture of experiment, theory and computational work covered in the present volume. As the title of this book implies, the chief aim of this Institute was to provide a broad sampling of problems arising with time-dependent behaviour in combustors. In fact, of course, that intention encompasses practically all possibilities, for "steady" combustion hardly exists if one looks sufficiently closely at the processes in a combustion chamber. The point really is that, apart from the excellent paper by Bahr (Chapter 10) discussing the technology of combustors for aircraft gas turbines, little attention is directed to matters of steady performance. The volume is divided into three parts devoted to the subjects of combustion-induced oscillations; combustion in internal combustion engines; and experimental techniques and modelling.
Author: Timothy C. Lieuwen
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 052176405X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 385
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Book Description
The development of clean, sustainable energy systems is a preeminent issue in our time. Gas turbines will continue to be important combustion-based energy conversion devices for many decades to come, used for aircraft propulsion, ground-based power generation, and mechanical-drive applications. This book compiles the key scientific and technological knowledge associated with gas turbine emissions into a single authoritative source.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Author: W. Cornelius
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468419986
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 474
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Book Description
This volume documents the proceedings of the Symposium on Emissions from Continuous Combustion Systems that was held at the General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, Michigan on September 27 and 28, 1971. This symposium was the fifteenth in an annual series presented by the Research Laboratories. Each symposium has covered a different technical discipline. To be selected as the theme of a symposium, the subject must be timely and of vital interest to General Motors as well as to the technical community at large. For each symposium, the practice is to solicit papers at the forefront of research from recognized authorities in the technical discipline of interest. Approximately sixty scientists and engineers from academic, government and industrial circles in this country and abroad are then invited to join about an equal number of General Motors technical personnel to discuss freely the commissioned papers. The technical portion of the meeting is supplemented by social functions at which ample time is afforded for informal exchanges of ideas amongst the participants. By such a direct interaction of a small and select group of informed participants, it is hoped to extend the boundaries of research in the selected technical field.
Author: Donald J. Patterson
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
In recent years, emissions from transportation engines have been studied widely because of the contribution of such engines to atmospheric pollution. During this period the amounts of pollutants emitted, the mechanism of their formation, and means of controlling emissions have been investigated in industrial and government laboratories, as well as at universities. The results of these investigations have generally been published as individual articles in journals, transactions, meeting proceedings, and, frequently, in company reports. This proliferation of technical information makes it difficult for workers in the field to keep abreast of all developments. For this reason, the editors felt the need for a book which would survey the existing state of knowledge in wide, albeit selected areas, and would provide a guide to the relevant literature. This book is intended to fulfill this function. It is recognized that all aspects of transportation engine emissions cannot be explored in a single volume. In this book attention is focused primarily on sources and mechanisms of emission formation within the combustion process, and on measurement techniques. Beyond this objective, no re strictions were placed on the authors. Within the framework of the general theme each author has been free to treat his subject as he saw fit. The editors have not strived to replace by uniformity the highly personal and attractive divergences of style. Considerable efforts were made, however, to ensure clarity and minimum overlap between the chapters.
Author: National Industrial Pollution Control Council
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Author: Antonio Filippone
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 113978966X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 665
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Book Description
This book discusses aircraft flight performance, focusing on commercial aircraft but also considering examples of high-performance military aircraft. The framework is a multidisciplinary engineering analysis, fully supported by flight simulation, with software validation at several levels. The book covers topics such as geometrical configurations, configuration aerodynamics and determination of aerodynamic derivatives, weight engineering, propulsion systems (gas turbine engines and propellers), aircraft trim, flight envelopes, mission analysis, trajectory optimisation, aircraft noise, noise trajectories and analysis of environmental performance. A unique feature of this book is the discussion and analysis of the environmental performance of the aircraft, focusing on topics such as aircraft noise and carbon dioxide emissions.
