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Author: Yuan He (Researcher on speech and hearing sciences)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Auditory perception
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
Speech understanding difficulties are a common problem for older adults. Past research has indicated that underlying mechanisms could vary from damage to the ear, deficits in the neural auditory pathways in the brain, a general cognitive deficit, or a mixture of any of these three possibilities. While all mechanisms are thought to be present in the older population, neither the contributions of neural versus cognitive deficits nor the time-course of these declines is well established. One critical factor in understanding speech in noise is the ability to segregate a target stream from distractors (e.g., segregating speech from noise) and to group sounds together based on coherent acoustic cues (e.g., identifying different talkers). These abilities rely on a good representation of sound by the ear and the accurate neural encoding of auditory signals. In addition, cognitive skills to regulate these abilities are likely involved. Although these abilities have been demonstrated to be important for speech understanding, they have not been extensively studied in middle-aged or older listeners. This study investigated age-related changes relating to perceptual grouping and segregation, specifically focusing on determining whether age-related changes in the ability to use amplitude modulation and interaural time difference cues in grouping and segregation tasks occur in middle-aged and older adults. In two experiments, modulation detection interference and binaural interference were examined in young, middle-aged, and older adults whose hearing thresholds were within the normal limits. The results suggest a significant age effect in the modulation detection interference but not in the binaural interference. The individual differences in binaural interference were found to be more attributable to hearing sensitivity in the low-frequency region than to age. This study contributes to the understanding of age effects in auditory grouping and segregation, key abilities for speech understanding.
Author: Yuan He (Researcher on speech and hearing sciences)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Auditory perception
Languages : en
Pages : 208
Get Book Here
Book Description
Speech understanding difficulties are a common problem for older adults. Past research has indicated that underlying mechanisms could vary from damage to the ear, deficits in the neural auditory pathways in the brain, a general cognitive deficit, or a mixture of any of these three possibilities. While all mechanisms are thought to be present in the older population, neither the contributions of neural versus cognitive deficits nor the time-course of these declines is well established. One critical factor in understanding speech in noise is the ability to segregate a target stream from distractors (e.g., segregating speech from noise) and to group sounds together based on coherent acoustic cues (e.g., identifying different talkers). These abilities rely on a good representation of sound by the ear and the accurate neural encoding of auditory signals. In addition, cognitive skills to regulate these abilities are likely involved. Although these abilities have been demonstrated to be important for speech understanding, they have not been extensively studied in middle-aged or older listeners. This study investigated age-related changes relating to perceptual grouping and segregation, specifically focusing on determining whether age-related changes in the ability to use amplitude modulation and interaural time difference cues in grouping and segregation tasks occur in middle-aged and older adults. In two experiments, modulation detection interference and binaural interference were examined in young, middle-aged, and older adults whose hearing thresholds were within the normal limits. The results suggest a significant age effect in the modulation detection interference but not in the binaural interference. The individual differences in binaural interference were found to be more attributable to hearing sensitivity in the low-frequency region than to age. This study contributes to the understanding of age effects in auditory grouping and segregation, key abilities for speech understanding.
Author: Christoph Fassbender
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Auditory perception in children
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Author: Johann Christoph Fassbender
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Karen S. Helfer
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030493679
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
Since the first edition of the Aging Auditory System volume (in 2009), there has been a tremendous amount of research in basic, translational, and clinical sciences related to age-related changes in auditory system structure and function. The new research has been driven by technical and conceptual advances in auditory neuroscience at multiple levels ranging from cells to cognition. The chapters in Aging and Hearing: Causes and Consequences span a broad range of topics and appeal to a relatively wide audience. Our goal in this volume is to put together state-of-the-art discussions about new developments in aging research that will appeal to a broad audience, serving as an important update on the current state of research on the aging auditory system. This update includes not only the recent research, but also consideration of how human and animal studies or translational and basic research are working in tandem to advance the field. This new edition is a natural complement to the previous SHAR volume on the aging auditory system edited by Gordon-Salant, Frisina, Popper, and Fay. The target audience for this volume will be graduate students, researchers, and academic faculty from a range of disciplines (psychology, hearing science/audiology, physiology, neuroscience, engineering). It also will appeal to clinical audiologists as well as to researchers working in the hearing device industry. Individuals who attend conferences sponsored by the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, Acoustical Society of America, Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience Society, American Auditory Society, Society for Neuroscience, American Speech, Language and Hearing Association, and the American Academy of Audiology (among others) are likely to find value in the volume.
Author: P. Michael Conn
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080460062
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1103
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Book Description
The Handbook of Models for Human Aging is designed as the only comprehensive work available that covers the diversity of aging models currently available. For each animal model, it presents key aspects of biology, nutrition, factors affecting life span, methods of age determination, use in research, and disadvantages/advantes of use. Chapters on comparative models take a broad sweep of age-related diseases, from Alzheimer's to joint disease, cataracts, cancer, and obesity. In addition, there is an historical overview and discussion of model availability, key methods, and ethical issues. - Utilizes a multidisciplinary approach - Shows tricks and approaches not available in primary publications - First volume of its kind to combine both methods of study for human aging and animal models - Over 200 illustrations
Author: Sebastian Schmidt
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3658111259
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 341
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Book Description
The present book proposes a systematic understanding about the conditions, mechanisms, influences, and processes evolving into a creative behavior in music, based on interdisciplinary perspectives of the cognitive sciences, In his research study, Sebastian Schmidt focuses on so-called musical extrapolations’ processes which bring the elusive quality of music into mental existence by creating extrapolations about possible future occurring events, their musical meanings, and the interrelations of their meanings. These processes, involved while music is being listened to and composed, are defined as the result of implicit and explicit problem-solving processes which are guided in tangible ways by factors of intrinsic activities and motivation, pre-disposed and experience-based structures, and environmental pressure.
Author: Elyse S Sussman
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
ISBN: 2889193713
Category : Auditory pathways
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
In natural environments, the auditory system is typically confronted with a mixture of sounds originating from different sound sources. As sounds spread over time, the auditory system has to continuously decompose competing sounds into distinct meaningful auditory objects or “auditory streams” referring to certain sound sources. This decomposition work, which was termed by Albert Bregman as “Auditory scene analysis” (ASA), involves two kinds of grouping to be done. Grouping based on simultaneous cues, such as harmonicity and on sequential cues, such as similarity in acoustic features over time. Understanding how the brain solves these tasks is a fundamental challenge facing auditory scientist. In recent years, the topic of ASA was broadly investigated in different fields of auditory research, including a wide range of methods, studies in different species, and modeling. Despite the advance in understanding ASA, it still proves to be a major challenge for auditory research. This includes verifying whether experimental findings are transferable to more realistic auditory scenes. A central approach in understanding ASA is the use of certain stimulus parameters that produce an ambiguous percept. The advantage of such an approach is that different perceptual organizations can be studied without varying physical stimulus parameters. Additionally, the perception of ambiguous stimuli can be volitionally controlled by intention or task. By using this one can mirror real hearing situations where listeners intent to identify and to localize auditory sources. Recently it was also found that in classical auditory streaming sequences perceptual ambiguity was not restricted to but was observed over a broad range of stimulus parameters. The proposed Research Topic pursues to bring together scientist in the different fields of auditory research whose work addresses the issue of perceptual ambiguity. Researchers were welcome to contribute experimental reports, computational modeling, and reviews that consider auditory ambiguity in its modality specific characteristics as well as in comparison to visual ambiguous figures. The overall goal of contributions was to consider the experimental findings from the perspective of real auditory scenes. In a broader sense, the Research Topic was open for contributions which are related to the issue of active listening in complex scenes.
Author: Music Educators National Conference (U.S.)
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195138848
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 1249
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Book Description
Featuring chapters by the world's foremost scholars in music education and cognition, this handbook is a convenient collection of current research on music teaching and learning. This comprehensive work includes sections on arts advocacy, music and medicine, teacher education, and studio instruction, among other subjects, making it an essential reference for music education programs. The original Handbook of Research on Music Teaching and Learning, published in 1992 with the sponsorship of the Music Educators National Conference (MENC), was hailed as "a welcome addition to the literature on music education because it serves to provide definition and unity to a broad and complex field" (Choice). This new companion volume, again with the sponsorship of MENC, explores the significant changes in music and arts education that have taken place in the last decade. Notably, several chapters now incorporate insights from other fields to shed light on multi-cultural music education, gender issues in music education, and non-musical outcomes of music education. Other chapters offer practical information on maintaining musicians' health, training music teachers, and evaluating music education programs. Philosophical issues, such as musical cognition, the philosophy of research theory, curriculum, and educating musically, are also explored in relationship to policy issues. In addition to surveying the literature, each chapter considers the significance of the research and provides suggestions for future study.Covering a broad range of topics and addressing the issues of music education at all age levels, from early childhood to motivation and self-regulation, this handbook is an invaluable resource for music teachers, researchers, and scholars.
Author: John C. Middlebrooks
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319516620
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
The Auditory System at the Cocktail Party is a rather whimsical title that points to the very serious challenge faced by listeners in most everyday environments: how to hear out sounds of interest amid a cacophony of competing sounds. The volume presents the mechanisms for bottom-up object formation and top-down object selection that the auditory system employs to meet that challenge. Ear and Brain Mechanisms for Parsing the Auditory Scene by John C. Middlebrooks and Jonathan Z. Simon Auditory Object Formation and Selection by Barbara Shinn-Cunningham, Virginia Best, and Adrian K. C. Lee Energetic Masking and Masking Release by John F. Culling and Michael A. Stone Informational Masking in Speech Recognition by Gerald Kidd, Jr. and H. Steven Colburn Modeling the Cocktail Party Problem by Mounya Elhilali Spatial Stream Segregation by John C. Middlebrooks Human Auditory Neuroscience and the Cocktail Party Problem by Jonathan Z. Simon Infants and Children at the Cocktail Party by Lynne Werner Older Adults at the Cocktail Party by M. Kathleen Pichora-Fuller, Claude Alain, and Bruce A. Schneider Hearing with Cochlear Implants and Hearing Aids in Complex Auditory Scenes by Ruth Y. Litovsky, Matthew J. Goupell, Sara M. Misurelli, and Alan Kan About the Editors: John C. Middlebrooks is a Professor in the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of California, Irvine, with affiliate appointments in the Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, the Department of Cognitive Sciences, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering. Jonathan Z. Simon is a Professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, with joint appointments in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the Department of Biology, and the Institute for Systems Research. Arthur N. Popper is Professor Emeritus and Research Professor in the Department of Biology at the University of Maryland, College Park. Richard R. Fay is Distinguished Research Professor of Psychology at Loyola University, Chicago. About the Series: The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of synthetic reviews of fundamental topics dealing with auditory systems. Each volume is independent and authoritative; taken as a set, this series is the definitive resource in the field.
Author: David R. Moore
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199233284
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 592
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Book Description
Volume 1: The Ear (edited by Paul Fuchs) Volume 2: The Auditory Brain (edited by Alan Palmer and Adrian Rees) Volume 3: Hearing (edited by Chris Plack) Auditory science is one of the fastest growing areas of biomedical research. There are now around 10,000 researchers in auditory science, and ten times that number working in allied professions. This growth is attributable to several major developments: Research on the inner ear has shown that elaborate systems of mechanical, transduction and neural processes serve to improve sensitivity, sharpen frequency tuning, and modulate response of the ear to sound. Most recently, the molecular machinery underlying these phenomena has been explored and described in detail. The development, maintenance, and repair of the ear are also subjects of contemporary interest at the molecular level, as is the genetics of hearing disorders due to cochlear malfunctions.
