Advanced Sensors for Real-time Control of Advanced Natural-gas Reciprocating Engine Combustion PDF Download
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Author: A. C. Raptis
Publisher:
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Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
This is the final report of a three-year project under a Department of Energy Advanced Reciprocating Engine Systems contract. The goal of this project is to develop advanced sensors for real-time combustion monitoring of advanced natural-gas reciprocating engines. Two sensor technologies, ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) and acoustic gas sensing, were tested for detection of NO{sub x} emissions and monitoring of natural-gas composition. This project examined two novel approaches: use of a corona/spark-discharge ionization source for IMS, and acoustic-relaxation spectra of natural gas for the acoustic gas sensor. We have completed evaluation of laboratory prototypes of both sensors. In this report, we will describe the basic elements of the sensors, their operating and detection principles, their performance, and other issues. Design modifications and suggested applications of field prototypes will also be presented.
Author: A. C. Raptis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
This is the final report of a three-year project under a Department of Energy Advanced Reciprocating Engine Systems contract. The goal of this project is to develop advanced sensors for real-time combustion monitoring of advanced natural-gas reciprocating engines. Two sensor technologies, ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) and acoustic gas sensing, were tested for detection of NO{sub x} emissions and monitoring of natural-gas composition. This project examined two novel approaches: use of a corona/spark-discharge ionization source for IMS, and acoustic-relaxation spectra of natural gas for the acoustic gas sensor. We have completed evaluation of laboratory prototypes of both sensors. In this report, we will describe the basic elements of the sensors, their operating and detection principles, their performance, and other issues. Design modifications and suggested applications of field prototypes will also be presented.
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Author:
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Languages : en
Pages :
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The project is addressing barriers to or opportunities for increasing distributed generation (DG)/combined heat and power (CHP) use in industrial applications using renewable/opportunity fuels. This project brings together novel gas quality sensor (GQS) technology with engine management for opportunity fuels such as landfill gas, digester gas and coal bed methane. By providing the capability for near real-time monitoring of the composition of these opportunity fuels, the GQS output can be used to improve the performance, increase efficiency, raise system reliability, and provide improved project economics and reduced emissions for engines used in distributed generation and combined heat and power.
Author: Lino Guzzella
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662080036
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 303
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Book Description
Internal combustion engines still have a potential for substantial improvements, particularly with regard to fuel efficiency and environmental compatibility. These goals can be achieved with help of control systems. Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) addresses these issues by offering an introduction to cost-effective model-based control system design for ICE. The primary emphasis is put on the ICE and its auxiliary devices. Mathematical models for these processes are developed in the text and selected feedforward and feedback control problems are discussed. The appendix contains a summary of the most important controller analysis and design methods, and a case study that analyzes a simplified idle-speed control problem. The book is written for students interested in the design of classical and novel ICE control systems.
Author: Institution of Electrical Engineers. Professional Group J1 (Instrumentation and Measurement Systems)
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Yong Yan
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Numerical Modeling of Solid Gas Flow, System Identification for purposes of modeling and control, and Wireless Sensor and Actor Network design were pursued as part of this project. Time series input-output data was obtained from NETL's Morgantown CFB facility courtesy of Dr. Lawrence Shadle. It was run through a nonlinear kernel estimator and nonparametric models were obtained for the system. Linear and first-order nonlinear kernels were then utilized to obtain a state-space description of the system. Neural networks were trained that performed better at capturing the plant dynamics. It is possible to use these networks to find a plant model and the inversion of this model can be used to control the system. These models allow one to compare with physics based models whose parameters can then be determined by comparing them against the available data based model. On a parallel track, Dr. Kumar designed an energy-efficient and reliable transport protocol for wireless sensor and actor networks, where the sensors could be different types of wireless sensors used in CFB based coal combustion systems and actors are more powerful wireless nodes to set up a communication network while avoiding the data congestion. Dr. Ahmadi's group studied gas solid flow in a duct. It was seen that particle concentration clearly shows a preferential distribution. The particles strongly interact with the turbulence eddies and are concentrated in narrow bands that are evolving with time. It is believed that observed preferential concentration is due to the fact that these particles are flung out of eddies by centrifugal force.
Author: Wade H. Shafer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468451979
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 407
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Book Description
Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1 957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all con cerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an interna tional publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Cor poration of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 29 (thesis year 1984) a total of 12,637 theses titles from 23 Canadian and 202 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 29 reports theses submitted in 1984, on occasion, certain univer sities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Homogeneous Compressed Charge Ignition (HCCI) has elevated the need for Start of Combustion (SOC) sensors. HCCI engines have been the exciting focus of engine research recently, primarily because HCCI offers higher thermal efficiency than the conventional Spark Ignition (SI) engines and significantly lower NOx and soot emissions than conventional Compression Ignition (CI) engines, and could be fuel neutral. HCCI has the potential to unify all the internal combustion engine technology to achieve the high-efficiency, low-emission goal. However, these advantages do not come easy. It is well known that the problems encountered with HCCI combustion center on the difficulty of controlling the Start of Combustion. TIAX has an SOC sensor under development which has shown promise. In previous work, including a DOE-sponsored SBIR project, TIAX has developed an accelerometer-based method which was able to determine SOC within a few degrees crank angle for a range of operating conditions. A signal processing protocol allows reconstruction of the combustion pressure event signal imbedded in the background engine vibration recorded by the accelerometer. From this reconstructed pressure trace, an algorithm locates the SOC. This SOC sensor approach is nonintrusive, rugged, and is particularly robust when the pressure event is strong relative to background engine vibration (at medium to high engine load). Phase I of this project refined the previously developed technology with an engine-generic and robust algorithm. The objective of the Phase I research was to answer two fundamental questions: Can the accelerometer-based SOC sensor provide adequate SOC event capture to control an HCCI engine in a feedback loop? And, will the sensor system meet cost, durability, and software efficiency (speed) targets? Based upon the results, the answer to both questions was 'YES'. The objective of Phase II-A was to complete the parameter optimization of the SOC sensor prototype in order to reach a juncture where plans can be and are discussed with an industry partner for how best to perform a more detailed implementation of the TIAX SOC technology on an HCCI engine system. This occurred, as evidenced the number of potential commercialization partners shown in Table 4. Potential Commercialization Partners Contacted (up to date as of January 31, 2010). During the two phases, a robust, engine-generic algorithm was developed that met the desired targets and was shown to work extremely well for HCCI engine operation.
Author: John B. Heywood
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
ISBN: 9780071004992
Category : Internal combustion engines
Languages : en
Pages : 930
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Book Description
This text, by a leading authority in the field, presents a fundamental and factual development of the science and engineering underlying the design of combustion engines and turbines. An extensive illustration program supports the concepts and theories discussed.
