Absolute Chronology of the Ancient World from 2840 BCE to 1533 BCE PDF Download
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Author: Gerard Gertoux
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1365281639
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
"Chronology is the backbone of history" is usually taught in schools but in the same time the first fall of Babylon is fixed today (2016) either in 1595 BCE or in 1651, 1531, 1499 depending on historians! In Egyptology the situation is still worse because each Egyptologist has his own chronology (gap of 20 years)! Such a difference in timeline prevents one from reaching the historical truth. It is for this reason that from Herodotus, the "father of history", Greek historians established a system of scientific dating in order to write a universal history. Many astronomical phenomena, which are well identified such as eclipses, enable us today to synchronize these ancient dating systems and anchor them on absolute dates. As incredible as it may seem this is still not done. The purpose of the present brochure is to give the chronologies of the main ancient civilizations (Egyptian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, Israelite, etc.) with their synchronisms as well as all absolute dating based on astronomical events.
Author: Gerard Gertoux
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1365281639
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 72
Get Book Here
Book Description
"Chronology is the backbone of history" is usually taught in schools but in the same time the first fall of Babylon is fixed today (2016) either in 1595 BCE or in 1651, 1531, 1499 depending on historians! In Egyptology the situation is still worse because each Egyptologist has his own chronology (gap of 20 years)! Such a difference in timeline prevents one from reaching the historical truth. It is for this reason that from Herodotus, the "father of history", Greek historians established a system of scientific dating in order to write a universal history. Many astronomical phenomena, which are well identified such as eclipses, enable us today to synchronize these ancient dating systems and anchor them on absolute dates. As incredible as it may seem this is still not done. The purpose of the present brochure is to give the chronologies of the main ancient civilizations (Egyptian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, Israelite, etc.) with their synchronisms as well as all absolute dating based on astronomical events.
Author: Gerard Gertoux
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1365215288
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
"Chronology is the backbone of history" is usually taught in schools but in the same time the first fall of Babylon is fixed today (2016) either in 1595 BCE or in 1651, 1531, 1499 depending on historians! In Egyptology the situation is still worse because each Egyptologist has his own chronology (gap of 20 years)! Such a difference in timeline prevents one from reaching the historical truth. It is for this reason that from Herodotus, the "father of history", Greek historians established a system of scientific dating in order to write a universal history. Many astronomical phenomena, which are well identified such as eclipses, enable us today to synchronize these ancient dating systems and anchor them on absolute dates. As incredible as it may seem this is still not done. The purpose of the present brochure is to give the chronologies of the main ancient civilizations (Egyptian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, Israelite, etc.) with their synchronisms as well as all absolute dating based on astronomical events.
Author: H. E. L. Mellersh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Book Description
Author: GERARD. GERTOUX
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781471742972
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
The first scientific chronology of the Egyptian civilisation, calculated by Olaf A. Toffteen in his monograph: Ancient Chronology (1907), fixed the beginning of the First Dynasty in 3285 BCE. In their academic study: Ancient Egyptian Chronology (2006), Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss and David A. Warburton set the beginning of the First Dynasty around 2900 BCE, a rejuvenation of 385 years in one century! This major disagreement has pushed Egyptologists towards carbon-14 dating which claims to scientifically provide absolute dates. According to this "absolute chronology" the First Dynasty must have started around: 2685 BCE (1970), 3185 BCE (1992), 3150 BCE (2013) and now (2019) around 3000 BCE. Furthermore, the beginning of Dynasty 0 (predynastic kings) is dated between 4000 and 3000 BCE, depending on the samples measured. These huge variations show that carbon-14 dating is not an absolute dating. The aim of this monograph is to show that the only absolute chronology is one whose dates are anchored on astronomical events dated in a calendar and back-calculated by astronomical software. Although this monograph is based on my thesis (in French completed in 2009): Scientific approach to an absolute chronology through synchronisms dated by astronomy (https: //iaassyriology.com/author/publisher/page/12/), it has been simplified to make the calculation methods and results accessible to a non-specialist audience. The first part of my thesis on Achaemenid chronology has been published in OBO Series Archaeologica 40, 2018, but the second part on Mesopotamian chronology has only been cited by Professors: Dominique Charpin at the 65th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale at the Collège de France in 2019, Jonathan Rosenbaum (Gratz College) at the 2019 ASOR Annual Meeting in the session: Archaeology and Bible Studies, and Nele Ziegler in her peer-reviewed journal NABU 2021-3.
Author: Daniel Courgeau
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031161432
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
This book addresses the challenge of understanding human life. It compares our life experience with the attempts to grasp it by astrologers, eugenicists, psychologists, neuroscientists, social scientists, and philosophers. The main opposition among these specialties lies between understanding and misunderstanding. The book also addresses the central methodological difficulty of capturing a human life. It is first examined how certain approaches may lead to a misunderstanding of human life. The book contrasts the example of astrology—an accepted practice in ancient civilizations, but now classified among the pseudosciences—with astronomy, a full-fledged science since Galileo’s time. Another, more recent approach regards human life as predetermined by genes: the methods used by eugenicists, and later by political regimes under the name of hereditarianism, came to compete with genetics. A broader analysis shows how astrology and eugenicism are not truly scientific approaches. Next, the book looks at the ways of capturing an imaginary or real human life story. A comprehensive approach will try to fully understand their complexity, while a more explanatory approach considers only certain specific phenomena of human life. For example, demography studies only births, deaths, and migration. Another crucial factor in the collection of life histories is memory and its transmission. Psychology and psychoanalysis have developed different schools to try to explain them. The book concludes with a detailed discussion of the concepts and tools that have been proposed in more recent times for understanding the various aspects of life stories: mechanisms, systems, hermeneutics, and autonomy.
Author: E. J. Bickerman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Elias Joseph Bickerman
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789120090177
Category : Calendars
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Ebury Publishing
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780091772475
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Michael Shally-Jensen
Publisher: Salem Press
ISBN: 9781619257719
Category : Civilization, Ancient
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Covering topics from Gilgamesh to Ancient Egypt to the Fall of Rome, this volume provides easy-to-use tools to engage, enlighten, and give students a new frame of reference to study and analyze the most important documents from Ancient History.
Author: Elias J. Bickerman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 253
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Book Description
