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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fischer-Tropsch process
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Energy reform in the United States Department of the Navy is currently a leading priority. Supporting reform efforts, the Honorable Ray Mabus, Secretary of the Navy, set a goal to sail a "Green Strike Group" composed of ships powered by alternative fuels by 2016. This report details considerations for implementing an alternative fuel for the Green Strike Group. This is accomplished by developing the requirements for an alternative fuel, analyzing several potential candidates, and recommending a preferred alternative (Fischer-Tropsch S-5). Additionally, this report describes the existing infrastructure supporting fuel distribution to Navy ships and explores options for changes necessary to support the selected alternative fuel. A notional mission profile is depicted, showing the Green Strike Group's progress from Norfolk, Virginia to the Arabian Sea and back again over the course of a 180-day deployment. A deterministic fuel estimation model and the succeeding, higher fidelity stochastic model are described, leading to the prediction of alternative fuel amount requirements and necessary geographic placement. Finally, this report concludes with the assertion that while sailing the Green Strike Group is technologically possible, significant and immediate economic investments are needed in order to realize the Secretary of the Navy's goal by 2016.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fischer-Tropsch process
Languages : en
Pages : 204
Get Book Here
Book Description
Energy reform in the United States Department of the Navy is currently a leading priority. Supporting reform efforts, the Honorable Ray Mabus, Secretary of the Navy, set a goal to sail a "Green Strike Group" composed of ships powered by alternative fuels by 2016. This report details considerations for implementing an alternative fuel for the Green Strike Group. This is accomplished by developing the requirements for an alternative fuel, analyzing several potential candidates, and recommending a preferred alternative (Fischer-Tropsch S-5). Additionally, this report describes the existing infrastructure supporting fuel distribution to Navy ships and explores options for changes necessary to support the selected alternative fuel. A notional mission profile is depicted, showing the Green Strike Group's progress from Norfolk, Virginia to the Arabian Sea and back again over the course of a 180-day deployment. A deterministic fuel estimation model and the succeeding, higher fidelity stochastic model are described, leading to the prediction of alternative fuel amount requirements and necessary geographic placement. Finally, this report concludes with the assertion that while sailing the Green Strike Group is technologically possible, significant and immediate economic investments are needed in order to realize the Secretary of the Navy's goal by 2016.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309440998
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 123
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Book Description
The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.
Author: Timothy J Maxwell
Publisher: SAE International
ISBN: 0768036089
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Book Description
Written primarily for fleet management personnel with purchasing, maintenance, or operations responsibilities, Alternative Fuels: Emissions, Economics, and Performance provides essential information for those who are considering adding alternatively-fueled vehicles to their fleets. Readers will gain a solid understanding of the fundamentals of alternative fuels and the factors that need to be considered when evaluating their use. No prior knowledge of alternative fuels is necessary. Basic information on the various alternative fuels and objective data on the costs of converting, fueling, and operating alternatively-fueled vehicles is covered in this book. Fuel cost, performance, reliability, and availability are addressed. The book also discusses the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act and the 1992 Comprehensive National Energy Policy Act. A summary of Texas' state law, considered to be representative of state legislation on alternative fuels and a glossary of key terms, are also included. Eight chapters cover: Review of Engine Technology; Characteristics of Alternative Fuels; Conversion of Spark Ignition Engines; Conversion of Compression Ignition Engines; Refueling Facilities; Legislation and Policies; and Cost Considerations. The book is also an ideal introduction to the topic for legislators, administrators, educators, and anyone interested in learning more about alternate fuels.
Author: Bruno Miller
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309258960
Category : Airports
Languages : en
Pages : 127
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Book Description
"TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 83: Assessing Opportunities for Alternative Fuel Distribution Programs consists of a guidebook and toolkit designed to help airports introduce and market alternative fuels to their airport community that includes tenants and consumers off airport. Alternative fuels considered include alternative jet fuel, green diesel, biodiesel, ethanol, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and electricity. The guidebook includes a step-by-step process to evaluate opportunities and constraints for alternative fuel distribution programs."--Publisher's description.
Author: Rasmus Klavan
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781628082333
Category : Biomass energy
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book provides background information and identifies issues for Congress regarding Department of Defense (DOD) alternative fuel initiatives, an issue of considerable attention during hearings in 2012 on DOD's FY2013 budget. Ongoing alternative fuel efforts of the DOD and the military services include purchases of alternative fuels for testing and evaluation, as well as the certification of alternative fuels for use in service fleets. In addition, the Navy, in co-ordination with the Department of Energy and the Department of Agriculture, intends to spur domestic advanced biofuel production at a commercial scale using the authority of the Defense Production Act. The services (Army, Navy, and Air Force) have spent approximately $48 million on alternative fuels, and the Navy has proposed a $170 million investment in biofuel production capacity. An overview of the DOD's alternative fuels policy and data on DOD's alternative fuels purchase to date, as well as the status of testing platforms on alternative fuel blends and the certification of those blends for fleet-wide use within the services is also discussed.
Author: United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Motor fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author: Margo Melendez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alternative fuel vehicles
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
The report discusses the successes and failures of alternative-fuel vehicle programs and how those lessons might be applied to the developing hydrogen-fueled transportation system.
Author: Richard L Bechtold
Publisher: SAE International
ISBN: 0768000521
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
This book presents the fundamentals needed to understand the physical and chemical properties of alternative fuels, and how they impact refueling system design and the modification of existing garages for safety. It covers a wide range of fuels including alcohols, gases, and vegetable oils. Chapters cover: Alternative Fuels and Their Origins Properties and Specifications Materials Compatibility Storage and Dispensing Refueling Facility Installation and Garage Facility Modifications and more
Author: Xinglin Yang
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 981334850X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 175
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Book Description
This book describes the feasibility and status of the use of alternative fuels in marine engineering, as well as the application of liquefied natural gas, biodiesel and their blends as marine fuels, and the combustion of synthetic coal-based fuels. Each chapter in the book ends with a summary, which gives the reader a quick and clear understanding of the main contents of the chapter. The book gives a lot of advice on the selection of equipment and parameters, fuel reserves and preparation for scholars related to alternative fuels in ships, and points them in the way. It contains lots of illustrations and tables and explains it in the form of chart comparison. The authors have developed mathematical models and methods for calculating the parameters of fuel systems for biodiesel fuels and liquefied natural gas. Recommendations for choosing the rational parameters of these systems are given, as are schematic solutions of the fuel systems, recommendations for selecting equipment, storing, and preparing the fuels. Application of the materials described in the book provides the SPP designers with a reliable tool for choosing rational characteristics of the fuel systems operating on alternative fuels and improving the efficiency of their application on ships.
Author: Leigh B. Boske
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alcohol as fuel
Languages : en
Pages : 89
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Book Description
This scoping study inventories renewable energy alternatives and assesses their impact on the Southwest region's transportation sector. Biofuel transportation requirements and domestic/international supply chains are illustrated. A variety of potential solutions are described, including technologies currently commercially available and those still in a research phase. However, biofuels constitute the focus of this research given the current level of development and potential to impact the Southwest in the near term. Ethanol is the biofuel most widely marketed at the present time and therefore commands the bulk of this narrative. The world's primary producers of ethanol are Brazil and the United States. These two nations employ different methods to manufacture the fuel from separate crops. Brazil utilizes sugarcane whereas the United States employs corn. A four parameter comparison focusing on the energy budget, carbon emissions reduction, land use, and production costs of each biofuel type strongly suggests Brazil's fuel is superior to the American derivative. Case studies illustrate how ethanol would reach Texas markets depending on whether the biofuel originated in American corn fields or the Brazilian cerrado. Additional discussion cites Texas' limited ability to grow existing commercial biofuels locally. However, the Southwest region holds greater promise as a producer of next-generation alternatives still undergoing laboratory evaluation.
