A Spectroscopic and Viscosimetric Investigation of the Structure of Silicate Melts PDF Download
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Author: Dan Sykes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geochemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
Author: Dan Sykes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geochemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
Author: Bjorn O. Mysen
Publisher: Elsevier Publishing Company
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
Characterization of the relationships between structure and properties of materials is based on the fundamental principle that the structure of the material be determined first, followed by assessments of which structural properties may govern their properties as a function of composition, pressure, temperature and other variables. Whereas this methodology has been successfully applied to further our understanding of crystalline materials, studies of silicate melt structure are often conducted on a somewhat different basis. Rather than from direct structural determination, structure models have been developed from assumed relationships between a specific melt property and its structure. As a result, a multitude of models has evolved - many of which are mutually exclusive. The overall scope of this book is to address properties and processes of magmatic systems from the vantage point of melt structure. To this end available data in chemically increasingly complex systems are reviewed and discussed with the ultimate goal being integration of the simple system data into a model that describes complex systems such as natural magmatic liquids. Thus the book evolves from the simplest possible system, SiO 2 , to complex systems such as natural magmatic liquids. From a petrologic point of view, sufficient data have been obtained so that a general framework of the structure of magmatic liquids is in place. This framework is based on the same principles as those of crystal chemistry, modulated by the absence of long range order in amorphous material, and systematic relationships between structure and properties can be discerned at least at atmospheric pressure.
Author: Jonathan F. Stebbins
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 1501509381
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 632
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Book Description
Volume 32 of Reviews in Mineralogy introduces the basic concepts of melt physics and relaxation theory as applied to silicate melts, then to describe the current state of experimental and computer simulation techniques for exploring the detailed atomic structure and dynamic processes which occur at high temperature, and finally to consider the relationships between melt structure, thermodynamic properties and rheology within these liquids. These fundamental relations serve to bridge the extrapolation from often highly simplified melt compositions studied in the laboratory to the multicomponent systems found in nature. This volume focuses on the properties of simple model silicate systems, which are usually volatile-free. The behavior of natural magmas has been summarized in a previous Short Course volume (Nicholls and Russell, editors, 1990: Reviews in Mineralogy, Vol. 24), and the effect of volatiles on magmatic properties in yet another (Carroll and Holloway, editors, 1994: Vol. 30). The Mineralogical Society of America sponsored a short course for which this was the text at Stanford University December 9 and 10, 1995, preceding the Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union and MSA in San Fransisco, with about 100 professionals and graduate students in attendance.
Author: Bjorn O. Mysen
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444637095
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 720
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Book Description
Silicate Glasses and Melts, Second Edition describes the structure-property-composition relationships for silicate glasses and melts from a geological and industrial perspective. Updated sections include (i) characterization of silicate melt and COHN fluid structure (with and without dissolved silicate components) with pressure, temperature, and redox conditions and responses of structural variables to chemical composition, (ii) determination of solubility and solution mechanisms of COHN volatiles in silicate melts and minerals and of solubility and solution mechanisms of silicate components in COHN fluids, and (iii) effects of very high pressure on structure and properties of melts and glasses. This new book is an essential resource for researchers in a number of fields, including geology, geophysics, geoscience, volcanology, material science, glass science, petrology and mineralogy. Brings together multidisciplinary research scattered across the scientific literature into one reference, with a focus on silicate melts and their application to natural systems Emphasizes linking melt properties to melt structure Includes a discussion of the pros and cons of the use of glass as a proxy for melt structure and properties Written by highly regarded experts in the field who, among other honors, were the 2006 recipients of the prestigious G.W. Morey award of the American Ceramic Society
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Author: John Todd Dunn
Publisher: National Library of Canada
ISBN: 9780315159556
Category : Magmas
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The results of investigations of the diffusion of oxygen in silicate melts, the structure of melts, and the redox equilibria in silicate melts are presented in this thesis. Five separate investigations were undertaken, all of which were directed toward gaining an understanding of the chemistry of silicate melts, and in particular the role played by oxygen in those melts. The diffusion of oxygen was investigated in six different melt compositions. Three of the compositions were in the synthetic system diopside-anorthite. Oxygen diffusion was measured in those melts at one bar pressure by means of isotopic exchange. The diffusivities determined are similar in magnitude to divalent cation diffusivities and obey the compensation law for the diffusion of divalent cations in silicate melts. Those observations suggest that there is a significant contribution to the diffusivity of oxygen from a "cation-like" diffusion mechanism. Eyring model calculations, using the oxygen diffusion data and melt viscosity data from the literature, suggest that the size of the average diffusing species is similar to that of the Si0 4 4 " anion. The diffusion of oxygen was also measured in three basaltic melts (an olivine nephelinite, an alkali basalt, and a tholeiitic basalt) at various temperatures and pressures up to 21 kilobars. The diffusivities were determined by monitoring the rate of reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2 + in the melts. The oxygen diffusivities measured are approximately the same as, or slightly greater than, divalent cation diffusivities in basaltic liquids. The diffusivity of oxygen shows an abrupt decrease in all three melts at approximately the same pressure as the change in the liquidus phase from olivine to pyroxene. The decreases in oxygen diffusivity are interpreted as being related to decreases in the proportion of 0 2 ' anion in the melts during reactions which decrease the proportion of olivine building units and increase the proportion of pyroxene building units in the melt. The results suggest that oxygen diffuses principally as the 0 2 ' anion in basaltic melts. The structure of lead orthosilicate melts was investigated as a function of the thermal history of the melt by means of infrared spectroscopy. The melts were observed to become increasingly polymerized with decreasing rate of cooling and with increasing duration of isothermal soaking. The presence of silicate anions larger than Si0 4 4- in the melts was demonstrated, which requires that 0 2 ' anions also be present. The proportion of 0 2 " anions in Pb 2 Si0 4 melts depends on the thermal history. Therefore, the ratio of non-bridging oxygens to tetrahedral cations (NBO/T) also depends on thermal history. The study of the structure of Pb 2 Si0 4 melts provides direct evidence of the presence of 0 2 ' anions in an orthosilicate melt. That result when combined with the implications of the diffusion studies suggests that 0 2 ' anions are present in much more polymerized melts and that the proportion of those anions in a given melt depends on the thermal history of the melt. That suggestion requires that melt models which do not incorporate 0 2 " anions be reassessed. The two investigations of iron redox equilibria in basaltic melts provide an improved predictive equation for the oxidation of iron which may account for (graphite and Fe°) in too oxidized to allow in natural melts and a model process the presence of reduced phases quenched rocks which are apparently those phases.
Author: I. H. Campbell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earth
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
Author: James David Kubicki
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Silicates
Languages : en
Pages : 235
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Book Description
Author: Sharon Webb
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3540691529
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
This book focuses on the experimental determination of the physical properties of silicate melts and magmas close to glass transition. Abundant new data are presented. The same type of measurement is performed on a range of melts to test the effect of composition on physical properties; and a range of different techniques are used to determine the same physical properties to illustrate the relationships between the relaxation of the melt structure and the relaxation of its physical properties. This book is of interest to experimental researchers in the discussion of data obtained from both a materials science and a geoscientific point of view.
Author: Nuffield Research Group in Extraction Metallurgy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemistry, Metallurgic
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
Author: B. Mysen
Publisher: Elsevier Science
ISBN: 9780444637086
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Silicate Glasses and Melts, Second Edition describes the structure-property-composition relationships for silicate glasses and melts from a geological and industrial perspective. Updated sections include (i) characterization of silicate melt and COHN fluid structure (with and without dissolved silicate components) with pressure, temperature, and redox conditions and responses of structural variables to chemical composition, (ii) determination of solubility and solution mechanisms of COHN volatiles in silicate melts and minerals and of solubility and solution mechanisms of silicate components in COHN fluids, and (iii) effects of very high pressure on structure and properties of melts and glasses. This new book is an essential resource for researchers in a number of fields, including geology, geophysics, geoscience, volcanology, material science, glass science, petrology and mineralogy.
