A Quantitative Model Forecasting Changes in the Hurricane Vulnerability of Residential Wood-frame Structures in North Carolina PDF Download
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Author: Huan Zhao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Author: Huan Zhao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Author: Maria Corina Rivera
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Author: Rachel A. Davidson
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Author: American Society of Civil Engineers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Civil engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 944
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Vols. 29-30 contain papers of the International Engineering Congress, Chicago, 1893; v. 54, pts. A-F, papers of the International Engineering Congress, St. Louis, 1904.
Author: Shuochuan Meng
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Over the past few decades, residential buildings along the coastal areas of the United States have suffered enormous structural damage and economic losses due to hurricane strikes. The significant variations in the building characteristics of residential buildings lead to distinctive building-level vulnerabilities under extreme winds. Therefore, an accurate representation of the building inventory is critical for quantifying regional hurricane risk. In this dissertation, a regional wind risk assessment framework is developed to evaluate hurricane-induced structural damage and economic losses for residential communities. Unlike existing loss models that represent the building stock by archetype models with limited variations in building characteristics, the proposed framework applies site-specific risk assessments on every house in the region of interest based on parcel-based building inventories. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of different building features on building vulnerability to identify the most critical features and explore the means of simplifying the building modeling process. To apply site-specific damage assessments at regional level, an automatic building modeling workflow is integrated into the framework, which is supported by property-specific characteristics extracted through machine learning-aided data collection approaches. The framework is applied to residential communities in New Hanover County, North Carolina. Through site-specific risk assessments on 1,746 realistic building models, the overall variance in building-level damage and loss results among single-family houses is evaluated. The damage results reveal significant differences in wind vulnerability due to variations in architectural features. Furthermore, a comparative study shows that the aggregated regional loss calculated based on refined building models is substantially higher than that derived from building archetypes used in existing regional loss models. The building inventory generation and building modeling modules integrated into the framework largely reduce the inherent uncertainties of hurricane risk prediction. The high-resolution damage and loss results produced by the framework offer insights into local risk conditions, which facilitate the improvement of hazard risk mitigation and post-disaster management strategies.
Author: Cornell University. Graduate School
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Abstract : Wood residential construction is vulnerable to hurricanes, as evident in recent hurricane events. Many studies indicated that the changing climate may very likely alter hurricane patterns, which could lead to more severe hurricane damage to the wood residential construction that accounts for 90% of the residence in the USA. On the other hand, deterioration of material increases the chance of structural failure by reducing the structural capacity (e.g., corrosion of fasteners in roof panel could significantly reduce the withdrawal capacity of the roofing structure during hurricane events). Currently, most hurricane damage estimations only focus on direct loss (e.g., structural loss). Under this context, hurricane damage to wood residential construction could be underestimated. Other than just evaluating direct monetary loss, this research evaluates indirect, social disruption, and environmental losses of wood residential construction subjected to hurricane events considering a changing climate. This dissertation proposes a framework to evaluate hurricane resilience of residential community, which has been recognized a more comprehensive risk-based measure for risk assessment. The advantages of applying hurricane resilience framework include: 1) the incorporation of community recovery time modelling from hurricane events, 2) the ability to integrate all the key input from traditional risk assessment framework into a simple probabilistic expression, 3) a more accurate criterion to be used in the planning stage for designer and decision maker. The proposed framework consists of hurricane fragility analysis, reliability analysis, loss evaluation (i.e., direct, indirect, social disruption, and environmental losses), recovery time model, and potential impacts on hurricane hazard patterns from a changing climate. Sources of uncertainties in the framework include: 1) structural capacity uncertainty (e.g., changes in roof-panel-resistance-side due to effects of corrosion on metal fasteners), 2) load uncertainty (e.g., hurricane wind characteristics, hurricane simulations), 3) uncertainty in loss estimation, 4) recovery time modeling uncertainty, and 5) uncertainty from climate change.
Author: Mehrshad Amini
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Coastal residential buildings are vulnerable to significant damage due to hurricane related hazards such as storm surge, wind loads, and inundation. Recent damage to residential buildings caused by hurricanes in coastal areas illustrates poor performance of coastal structures against hurricane related hazards, which indicates that recent standards and building code provisions need to be improved in terms of loading and design requirements. A fundamental problem with current standards is that most follow the deterministic approach to some extent. For instance, both uncertainties regarding flood hazards and building structure characteristics such as elevation, number of stories, and size have not been considered in current flood risk assessment methods, which causes many concerns in terms of validity and reliability. On the other hand, Performance-Based Engineering (PBE) methodology is a well-known design approach to address inherent uncertainties for assessing and mitigating the risk associated with engineering structures. However, with only limited PBE frameworks in hurricane engineering fields proposed during recent years, there is lack of sufficient understanding of different aspects for development of standards needed for hurricane resistant design and retrofit of residential buildings. Furthermore, given the concurrent multi-hazard nature of hurricanes, designers need to address more complex loading conditions and design decisions. Based on the performance of coastal residential buildings in past hurricanes, elevating the lowest floor above the expected Base Flood Elevation (BFE) has been found to be the most effective strategy to reduce direct damage caused by flood and storm surge. However, elevated buildings can be exposed to different levels of wind loads due to unique aerodynamic characteristics, which leads to the need for more stringent design of structural and foundation systems. In addition, past hurricanes have shown that the actual flood levels can be several feet higher than the BFE, which means even pile-elevated houses may still be vulnerable to damage. Therefore, some communities encourage homeowners to add freeboard to the specific BFE in order to mitigate the risk of damage. The amount of freeboard depends on many factors, for which there is no rational approach for building owners and designers to make the most efficient decision. This study proposes a probabilistic framework in order to investigate the combined interaction of hurricane wind and coastal surge flood on typical residential homes upgraded based on various retrofit strategies. The goal of developing such a framework is to contribute to holistic and quantitative approach in evaluating the potential damage to retrofitted, particularly elevated coastal residential buildings. This proposed probabilistic framework consists of four main modules, namely hazard analysis, structural analysis, damage assessment, and loss measurement. A literature review was carried out to evaluate the performance of coastal residential buildings with respect to direct and indirect damage. The result of the literature review on mitigation techniques are discussed according to hurricane wind and flood-related hazards. Identification and quantification of these hurricane-associated hazards is the first step to understanding the behavior of residential buildings and identifying common failure mechanisms and mitigation techniques. The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis was performed to obtain realistic loading scenarios (wind and wave effects) and corresponding engineering demand parameters, respectively. A comprehensive parametric analysis was conducted to understand the effect of various factors, including wind angle, wave type (regular and irregular waves), building elevation, and pier distribution on wind- and wave-induced loads on elevated coastal residential buildings. The CFD models were validated based on available data in terms of wind and wave loadings separately due to lack of current laboratory experiments. The resistance capacities and statistical characteristics for various building components under positive and negative pressures were obtained from experimental tests available in the literature review. The procedure relies on the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) to propagate uncertainties through the CFD analysis. Finally, damage assessment and vulnerability analysis were conducted based on selected failure criteria (e.g., HAZUS database) to develop physics-based fragility curves based on four different damage states, and finally obtain loss curves in terms of the building elevation for the selected residential building. A typical wood-frame residential building was selected for the case study to develop the fragility curves for four damage states and the corresponding loss curve based on HAZUS-MH. The building was assumed to be located in the Bolivar Peninsula, where it was heavily impacted by Hurricane Ike as a Category 2 storm. The fragility curves and loss curve were developed for two different scenarios: the building with 8d and 6d common nails used for the connection of roof and floor sheathings. These loss curves predict the expected damage ratio of the building due to combined effects of wind and waves considering the specific house elevation, which can help design professionals and home builders in order to select a reasonable freeboard above the base flood elevation determined based on a probabilistic approach rather than available deterministic methods. This framework can also be utilized in risk assessment and decision analysis of other types of structures against various environmental hazards.
Author: Anne D. Cope
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The core of this model is a Monte Carlo Simulation engine that generates damage information for typical Florida homes, using a component approach. The simulation compares deterministic wind loads, and the probabilistic capacity of vulnerable building components to resist these loads, to determine the probability of damage. In this manner, probabilistic structural damage is identified over a range of assigned wind speeds. Monetary loss associated with structural damage and the likelihood of occurrence for discrete wind speeds will be determined by models under development by other groups in the project.
Author: Johann Everton Weekes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Hurricane impacts have caused significant damage to residential and commercial structures, producing billions of dollars in insured losses. Numerical models are widely used by insurance companies in the prediction of loss cost. Several such loss projection models have been developed by private industry, and the State of Florida sponsored development of a non-proprietary hurricane loss model, known as the Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model (FPHLM). This model resulted from a multi-university effort to quantify the damages and cost of repairs for structures that have been subjected to hurricane force winds. The original FPHLM focused on single-family residential housing. The model is now extended to cover commercial-residential buildings ranging from multi-story apartments to the high rise condominiums typically found lining the beaches of South Florida. This paper proposal focuses on the development of the exterior vulnerability component of the commercial-residential model, and provides a description of the strategies to probabilistically quantify physical exterior damage for two models: low-rise and mid/high rise commercial-residential structures.
