Author: A. V. Choudahri
Publisher: Sankalp Publication
ISBN: 8194778077
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 118
Book Description
About The Book And Its Title. " A Paradigm Shift " is a phrase , its dictionary meaning is , fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptions. "A Paradigm Shift", a concept was identified by the American physicist and philosopher Thomas Kuhn. It is used to show fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a scientific discipline. If thought in philosophical perspective , it refers to any revolutionary change in the fundamental intellectual framework that has traditionally been adopted by practitioners of a subject. In science and philosophy, "A Paradigm" is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns , including theories , research methods , postulates ,and standards for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field. Keeping in mind the concept of a paradigm Shift, the title " A Paradigm Shift In Thoughts For living Enlightened Life " is given to this book. Gautam Buddha said , " You will be what you think ". To make change in our life it is necessary to bring fundamental changes in our thoughts. If we want to bring good things in the world we have to think " Charity begins at home". Mahatma Gandhi has also said " Be the change that you want to see in the world ". This book guides the readers such a way that if author's advice is put into practice one can make total transformation of life. This book has incorporated some important aspects of life nobody will deny to agree to it. There are 26 articles in this book . In chapter 26 , the author has given 50 inspirational and philosophical quotes written by himself. According to Author's view this is a life changing book. Mostly people think and take everything as granted so no one dares do anything new in life. Most of us live dull and monotonous life with some set rules of behavior. if mankind puts into practice some good attributes , this world can be a good place to live in. People have abundance of material wealth but nobody is at peace and everyone feels something is lacking in life. This book will surely change your mindset and you will start thinking some what different way that you will be able to live enlightened life. To put end to my case , I am very humble to let you know that I am one of you , a common man ,and have the same feelings as you have. I want the world to be a global village in true spirit and humanity be the religion of everyone so the world be a place for happy living. That's why the author wants change in thoughts and behaviors of people all over the world. Would you like to be one of them ? Author
A Paradigm Shift in Thoughts for Living Enlightened Life
Author: A. V. Choudahri
Publisher: Sankalp Publication
ISBN: 8194778077
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 118
Book Description
About The Book And Its Title. " A Paradigm Shift " is a phrase , its dictionary meaning is , fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptions. "A Paradigm Shift", a concept was identified by the American physicist and philosopher Thomas Kuhn. It is used to show fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a scientific discipline. If thought in philosophical perspective , it refers to any revolutionary change in the fundamental intellectual framework that has traditionally been adopted by practitioners of a subject. In science and philosophy, "A Paradigm" is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns , including theories , research methods , postulates ,and standards for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field. Keeping in mind the concept of a paradigm Shift, the title " A Paradigm Shift In Thoughts For living Enlightened Life " is given to this book. Gautam Buddha said , " You will be what you think ". To make change in our life it is necessary to bring fundamental changes in our thoughts. If we want to bring good things in the world we have to think " Charity begins at home". Mahatma Gandhi has also said " Be the change that you want to see in the world ". This book guides the readers such a way that if author's advice is put into practice one can make total transformation of life. This book has incorporated some important aspects of life nobody will deny to agree to it. There are 26 articles in this book . In chapter 26 , the author has given 50 inspirational and philosophical quotes written by himself. According to Author's view this is a life changing book. Mostly people think and take everything as granted so no one dares do anything new in life. Most of us live dull and monotonous life with some set rules of behavior. if mankind puts into practice some good attributes , this world can be a good place to live in. People have abundance of material wealth but nobody is at peace and everyone feels something is lacking in life. This book will surely change your mindset and you will start thinking some what different way that you will be able to live enlightened life. To put end to my case , I am very humble to let you know that I am one of you , a common man ,and have the same feelings as you have. I want the world to be a global village in true spirit and humanity be the religion of everyone so the world be a place for happy living. That's why the author wants change in thoughts and behaviors of people all over the world. Would you like to be one of them ? Author
Publisher: Sankalp Publication
ISBN: 8194778077
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 118
Book Description
About The Book And Its Title. " A Paradigm Shift " is a phrase , its dictionary meaning is , fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptions. "A Paradigm Shift", a concept was identified by the American physicist and philosopher Thomas Kuhn. It is used to show fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a scientific discipline. If thought in philosophical perspective , it refers to any revolutionary change in the fundamental intellectual framework that has traditionally been adopted by practitioners of a subject. In science and philosophy, "A Paradigm" is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns , including theories , research methods , postulates ,and standards for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field. Keeping in mind the concept of a paradigm Shift, the title " A Paradigm Shift In Thoughts For living Enlightened Life " is given to this book. Gautam Buddha said , " You will be what you think ". To make change in our life it is necessary to bring fundamental changes in our thoughts. If we want to bring good things in the world we have to think " Charity begins at home". Mahatma Gandhi has also said " Be the change that you want to see in the world ". This book guides the readers such a way that if author's advice is put into practice one can make total transformation of life. This book has incorporated some important aspects of life nobody will deny to agree to it. There are 26 articles in this book . In chapter 26 , the author has given 50 inspirational and philosophical quotes written by himself. According to Author's view this is a life changing book. Mostly people think and take everything as granted so no one dares do anything new in life. Most of us live dull and monotonous life with some set rules of behavior. if mankind puts into practice some good attributes , this world can be a good place to live in. People have abundance of material wealth but nobody is at peace and everyone feels something is lacking in life. This book will surely change your mindset and you will start thinking some what different way that you will be able to live enlightened life. To put end to my case , I am very humble to let you know that I am one of you , a common man ,and have the same feelings as you have. I want the world to be a global village in true spirit and humanity be the religion of everyone so the world be a place for happy living. That's why the author wants change in thoughts and behaviors of people all over the world. Would you like to be one of them ? Author
Awakening
Author: Rodney Smith
Publisher: Shambhala Publications
ISBN: 1611801265
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 265
Book Description
An amazingly succinct and accessible answer to the question “What is enlightenment?”—from one of America's most prominent teachers of Insight Meditation Former Buddhist monk and highly regarded Insight Meditation teacher Rodney Smith describes the process of enlightenment in a way anyone can understand—demonstrating in clear language why we operate with the illusion of separation, how we can move out of it to the realization of emptiness and no-self, and how we can live from that state of awakening. He provides brief, powerful exercises that enable us to challenge the reality of our thoughts in order to free ourselves from the illusion they keep us bound to—all the while steering us away from the temptation to regard spiritual practice as a process of self-improvement or a goal to be obtained. “With systematic precision, and with subtle wisdom born of a lifetime of practice, Rodney Smith uses science, psychology, and traditional Buddhism to explain the unexplainable: the how and why of authentic spiritual awakening . . . an original work by a contemporary spiritual master at the height of his powers.” —Norman Fischer, author of Training in Compassion
Publisher: Shambhala Publications
ISBN: 1611801265
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 265
Book Description
An amazingly succinct and accessible answer to the question “What is enlightenment?”—from one of America's most prominent teachers of Insight Meditation Former Buddhist monk and highly regarded Insight Meditation teacher Rodney Smith describes the process of enlightenment in a way anyone can understand—demonstrating in clear language why we operate with the illusion of separation, how we can move out of it to the realization of emptiness and no-self, and how we can live from that state of awakening. He provides brief, powerful exercises that enable us to challenge the reality of our thoughts in order to free ourselves from the illusion they keep us bound to—all the while steering us away from the temptation to regard spiritual practice as a process of self-improvement or a goal to be obtained. “With systematic precision, and with subtle wisdom born of a lifetime of practice, Rodney Smith uses science, psychology, and traditional Buddhism to explain the unexplainable: the how and why of authentic spiritual awakening . . . an original work by a contemporary spiritual master at the height of his powers.” —Norman Fischer, author of Training in Compassion
Warrior Love
Author: Roger King
Publisher: BalboaPress
ISBN: 1452589941
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 196
Book Description
Author Roger King asks a question we may find truly challenging: Could humanity make a huge shift in consciousness and realize we are more naturally polyamorous than monogamous? In this narrative, a vulnerable story emerges when Roger and his partner separate. With heartfelt anger, love, and wisdom, Roger unveils his inner secret, admitting he is a polyamorous manhe loves more than one woman. Roger writes with disarming honesty and offers insights that can help men and women become open and receptive to love without fear. The message is simple, not always easy: You can change your thoughts with radical honesty and change your life. Men: Are you willing to love yourself and make the world safer for us to love each other? Women: Can you trust men with your love? Can we learn to replace jealousy of all types with unconditional love? Can war and terrorism stop and all types of slavery cease? Salvation lies in all of us waking up and learning to love who we truly are. If a male version of Louise Hay exists, Roger is it! Isabelle P. Walker-Lefebvre, Heal Your Life facilitator Roger walks his talk, and its so easy to be real around him. Sam Hardy, business owner Who would be fearful, critical, or jealous of you, if you changed by loving yourself and then shining that love and the powerful miracle within you to create a whole new way of being and living?
Publisher: BalboaPress
ISBN: 1452589941
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 196
Book Description
Author Roger King asks a question we may find truly challenging: Could humanity make a huge shift in consciousness and realize we are more naturally polyamorous than monogamous? In this narrative, a vulnerable story emerges when Roger and his partner separate. With heartfelt anger, love, and wisdom, Roger unveils his inner secret, admitting he is a polyamorous manhe loves more than one woman. Roger writes with disarming honesty and offers insights that can help men and women become open and receptive to love without fear. The message is simple, not always easy: You can change your thoughts with radical honesty and change your life. Men: Are you willing to love yourself and make the world safer for us to love each other? Women: Can you trust men with your love? Can we learn to replace jealousy of all types with unconditional love? Can war and terrorism stop and all types of slavery cease? Salvation lies in all of us waking up and learning to love who we truly are. If a male version of Louise Hay exists, Roger is it! Isabelle P. Walker-Lefebvre, Heal Your Life facilitator Roger walks his talk, and its so easy to be real around him. Sam Hardy, business owner Who would be fearful, critical, or jealous of you, if you changed by loving yourself and then shining that love and the powerful miracle within you to create a whole new way of being and living?
Your Guide to Earth's Pivotal Years
Author: Selacia
Publisher: iUniverse
ISBN: 1450297080
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 321
Book Description
Earths Pivotal Years is a wonderful guide for anyone desiring a life of purpose during these unique times. The more who act upon the wisdom in this book, the faster we can create a peaceful and loving world with people becoming agents of conscious evolution. Barbara Marx Hubbard, author of Birth 2012 and Beyond The Earth is at a precipice; there is a sense of urgency about the world and our place in it. In Your Guide to Earth's Pivotal Years, author Selacia answers universal questions that are being asked about the future and our role. She addresses these times of great change, prophecies, our future, and the vital role of divine changemakers. Providing a big-picture view, Your Guide to Earth's Pivotal Years helps you accomplish the following: Comprehend what the paradigm shift really means for you and everyone on Earth Understand why this is the most important time you could be alive Gain a new appreciation of Earth's pivotal years with your own take-action guide Recognize the new, more heart-centered world in the making Learn about those known as divine changemakers Through this process of discovery, you will find a new source of inspiration and courage for taking the next steps. Your Guide to Earth's Pivotal Years communicates practical tools for navigating change and advancing spiritually and describes specific options for powerfully creating a more light-filled world. This book has been endorsed by Barbara Marx Hubbard, author of Birth 2012 and Beyond: Earths Pivotal Years is a wonderful guide for anyone desiring a life of purpose during these unique times. The more who act upon the wisdom in this book, the faster we can create a peaceful and loving world with people becoming agents of conscious evolution.
Publisher: iUniverse
ISBN: 1450297080
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 321
Book Description
Earths Pivotal Years is a wonderful guide for anyone desiring a life of purpose during these unique times. The more who act upon the wisdom in this book, the faster we can create a peaceful and loving world with people becoming agents of conscious evolution. Barbara Marx Hubbard, author of Birth 2012 and Beyond The Earth is at a precipice; there is a sense of urgency about the world and our place in it. In Your Guide to Earth's Pivotal Years, author Selacia answers universal questions that are being asked about the future and our role. She addresses these times of great change, prophecies, our future, and the vital role of divine changemakers. Providing a big-picture view, Your Guide to Earth's Pivotal Years helps you accomplish the following: Comprehend what the paradigm shift really means for you and everyone on Earth Understand why this is the most important time you could be alive Gain a new appreciation of Earth's pivotal years with your own take-action guide Recognize the new, more heart-centered world in the making Learn about those known as divine changemakers Through this process of discovery, you will find a new source of inspiration and courage for taking the next steps. Your Guide to Earth's Pivotal Years communicates practical tools for navigating change and advancing spiritually and describes specific options for powerfully creating a more light-filled world. This book has been endorsed by Barbara Marx Hubbard, author of Birth 2012 and Beyond: Earths Pivotal Years is a wonderful guide for anyone desiring a life of purpose during these unique times. The more who act upon the wisdom in this book, the faster we can create a peaceful and loving world with people becoming agents of conscious evolution.
Embodied Enlightenment
Author: Amoda Maa Jeevan
Publisher: New Harbinger Publications
ISBN: 1626258414
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 236
Book Description
In Embodied Enlightenment, contemporary spiritual teacher Amoda Maa Jeevan dispels the outdated view of a transcendent enlightenment and instead presents a new, feminine expression of awakened consciousness for all—one that is felt and known through what our everyday lives are made of: our emotions, bodies, intimate relationships, work, and life’s purpose. This book is a direct invitation to awaken in a profound, embodied way, and to participate in a collective evolution that can create a new world. When many of us think of enlightenment, we may envision a life of seclusion and contemplation, transcending the body and worldly attachments, or the achievement of karmic perfection. But what if, rather than something reserved for the mountaintop meditator or sage, the call to awaken is meant for us all? And how can we consciously live that awakening in the midst of our complex, messy, modern lives? Speaking from her own awakened experience, Amoda Maa Jeevan offers a timeless wisdom, busting some of the common myths about enlightenment and addressing topics often excluded from more traditional spiritual conversations—from the connection between consciousness and the body to relationships to planetary health. In addition, she covers the unfamiliar territory of what happens after enlightenment, delving into awakened action, creative expression, and more. There’s an urgency today to evolve beyond humanity’s current ego-based paradigm, and along with it, a unique expression of enlightenment is emerging. With clarity, passion, and grace, Embodied Enlightenment invites you on an exploration of consciousness that embraces both the messiness of your earthly experience and the non-duality of pure awareness, offering guidance on how your daily life can bring you into alignment with a divine destiny of individual and collective awakening.
Publisher: New Harbinger Publications
ISBN: 1626258414
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 236
Book Description
In Embodied Enlightenment, contemporary spiritual teacher Amoda Maa Jeevan dispels the outdated view of a transcendent enlightenment and instead presents a new, feminine expression of awakened consciousness for all—one that is felt and known through what our everyday lives are made of: our emotions, bodies, intimate relationships, work, and life’s purpose. This book is a direct invitation to awaken in a profound, embodied way, and to participate in a collective evolution that can create a new world. When many of us think of enlightenment, we may envision a life of seclusion and contemplation, transcending the body and worldly attachments, or the achievement of karmic perfection. But what if, rather than something reserved for the mountaintop meditator or sage, the call to awaken is meant for us all? And how can we consciously live that awakening in the midst of our complex, messy, modern lives? Speaking from her own awakened experience, Amoda Maa Jeevan offers a timeless wisdom, busting some of the common myths about enlightenment and addressing topics often excluded from more traditional spiritual conversations—from the connection between consciousness and the body to relationships to planetary health. In addition, she covers the unfamiliar territory of what happens after enlightenment, delving into awakened action, creative expression, and more. There’s an urgency today to evolve beyond humanity’s current ego-based paradigm, and along with it, a unique expression of enlightenment is emerging. With clarity, passion, and grace, Embodied Enlightenment invites you on an exploration of consciousness that embraces both the messiness of your earthly experience and the non-duality of pure awareness, offering guidance on how your daily life can bring you into alignment with a divine destiny of individual and collective awakening.
From Alignment to Enlightenment
Author: Gene Black
Publisher: AuthorHouse
ISBN: 1524695033
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 263
Book Description
From Alignment to Enlightenment: The Path to Joy and Peace focuses on spiritual empowerment and how to create pragmatic solutions to lifes challenges operating from the position of the soul as opposed to the body. We are all spiritual beings having human experiences. Alignment is about being centered, grounded, and in line with who you truly are. Enlightenment is about being completely aware of what is authentically true. We manage our own realities of peace or chaos based on how we align with who we truly are and whether or not we remain aware of that truth. From Alignment to Enlightenment provides insights to becoming more in touch with the authentic you so we see situations, circumstances, and realities for what they truly are, with activities at the ends of several chapters to implement what you just read. It is a practical guide to living life in joy, peace, love, and tranquility, no matter the circumstance.
Publisher: AuthorHouse
ISBN: 1524695033
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 263
Book Description
From Alignment to Enlightenment: The Path to Joy and Peace focuses on spiritual empowerment and how to create pragmatic solutions to lifes challenges operating from the position of the soul as opposed to the body. We are all spiritual beings having human experiences. Alignment is about being centered, grounded, and in line with who you truly are. Enlightenment is about being completely aware of what is authentically true. We manage our own realities of peace or chaos based on how we align with who we truly are and whether or not we remain aware of that truth. From Alignment to Enlightenment provides insights to becoming more in touch with the authentic you so we see situations, circumstances, and realities for what they truly are, with activities at the ends of several chapters to implement what you just read. It is a practical guide to living life in joy, peace, love, and tranquility, no matter the circumstance.
Evolutionary Enlightenment
Author: Andrew Cohen
Publisher: SelectBooks, Inc.
ISBN: 1590792297
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 212
Book Description
In Evolutionary Enlightenment, Andrew Cohen redefines spiritual awakening for our contemporary world—a world characterized by exponential change and an ever-expanding appreciation for the processes of evolution. Cohen’s message is simple, yet profound: Life is evolution, and enlightenment is about waking up to this fundamentally creative impulse as your own deepest, most authentic self. Through five tenets for living an enlightened life, Cohen will empower you to wholeheartedly participate in the process of change as your own spiritual practice. Evolutionary Enlightenment not only makes deep sense of life today; it will show you how to play an active role in shaping the world of tomorrow.
Publisher: SelectBooks, Inc.
ISBN: 1590792297
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 212
Book Description
In Evolutionary Enlightenment, Andrew Cohen redefines spiritual awakening for our contemporary world—a world characterized by exponential change and an ever-expanding appreciation for the processes of evolution. Cohen’s message is simple, yet profound: Life is evolution, and enlightenment is about waking up to this fundamentally creative impulse as your own deepest, most authentic self. Through five tenets for living an enlightened life, Cohen will empower you to wholeheartedly participate in the process of change as your own spiritual practice. Evolutionary Enlightenment not only makes deep sense of life today; it will show you how to play an active role in shaping the world of tomorrow.
Enlightened Ego!
Author: AiR - Atman in Ravi
Publisher: AiR Institute of Realization
ISBN: 9334076690
Category : Antiques & Collectibles
Languages : en
Pages : 133
Book Description
Our Ego makes us suffer. It creates anger, hate, jealousy and vengeance. It screams, ‘I’, ‘me’ and ‘mine’. People often say, 'Kill your Ego!' While we cannot annihilate the Ego, we can transcend it and have an Enlightened Ego. And an Enlightened Ego is free from all misery, agony and anguish. This book will help you understand what an Enlightened Ego is and show you how to Enlighten your Ego.
Publisher: AiR Institute of Realization
ISBN: 9334076690
Category : Antiques & Collectibles
Languages : en
Pages : 133
Book Description
Our Ego makes us suffer. It creates anger, hate, jealousy and vengeance. It screams, ‘I’, ‘me’ and ‘mine’. People often say, 'Kill your Ego!' While we cannot annihilate the Ego, we can transcend it and have an Enlightened Ego. And an Enlightened Ego is free from all misery, agony and anguish. This book will help you understand what an Enlightened Ego is and show you how to Enlighten your Ego.
How Enlightenment Changes Your Brain
Author: Andrew Newberg, MD
Publisher: Hay House, Inc
ISBN: 1781807132
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 247
Book Description
The bestselling authors of How God Changes Your Brain reveal the neurological underpinnings of enlightenment, offering unique strategies to help readers experience its many benefits. In this original and groundbreaking book, Dr Andrew Newberg and Mark Robert Waldman turn their attention to the pinnacle of the human experience: enlightenment. Through his brain-scan studies on Brazilian psychic mediums, Sufi mystics, Buddhist meditators, Franciscan nuns, Pentecostals, and participants in secular spirituality rituals, Newberg has found the specific neurological mechanisms responsible for an enlightenment experience - and how we can activate those circuits in our own brains. In his survey of more than one thousand people who have experienced enlightenment, Newberg has also discovered that in the aftermath they have had profound, positive life changes. Enlightenment offers us the possibility to: · become permanently less stress-prone, · break bad habits, · improve our collaboration and creativity skills, and · lead happier, more satisfying lives. Relaying the story of his own transformational experience as well as including the stories of others who try to describe an event that is truly indescribable, Newberg brings us a new paradigm for deep and lasting change.
Publisher: Hay House, Inc
ISBN: 1781807132
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 247
Book Description
The bestselling authors of How God Changes Your Brain reveal the neurological underpinnings of enlightenment, offering unique strategies to help readers experience its many benefits. In this original and groundbreaking book, Dr Andrew Newberg and Mark Robert Waldman turn their attention to the pinnacle of the human experience: enlightenment. Through his brain-scan studies on Brazilian psychic mediums, Sufi mystics, Buddhist meditators, Franciscan nuns, Pentecostals, and participants in secular spirituality rituals, Newberg has found the specific neurological mechanisms responsible for an enlightenment experience - and how we can activate those circuits in our own brains. In his survey of more than one thousand people who have experienced enlightenment, Newberg has also discovered that in the aftermath they have had profound, positive life changes. Enlightenment offers us the possibility to: · become permanently less stress-prone, · break bad habits, · improve our collaboration and creativity skills, and · lead happier, more satisfying lives. Relaying the story of his own transformational experience as well as including the stories of others who try to describe an event that is truly indescribable, Newberg brings us a new paradigm for deep and lasting change.
What Is Enlightenment
Author: Wei Zhang
Publisher: State University of New York Press
ISBN: 1438431074
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 139
Book Description
What is enlightenment? Wei Zhang brings together the fabled consideration of enlightenment by Kant, his contemporaries, and modern respondents such as Habermas and Foucault with the question "What is Chinese enlightenment?" Kant and his peers began a discussion of the notion of enlightenment in the pages of the Berlinische Monatsschrift when that newspaper's editor posed the question "Was ist Aufklärung?" in 1784. Chinese intellectuals began a similar consideration in the wake of the May Fourth cultural movement of 1919, which marked a self-conscious break from the feudal past and a new engagement with the West. Zhang asks to what extent European enlightenment can be regarded as purely philosophical and isolated from political events and, alternately, to what extent the Chinese enlightenment can be split into separate political and intellectual discourses. Her work yields a new set of conceptual questions and practical issues and provides new energy to the dialogue on political and cultural modernity. In cross-cultural context, Zhang finds the answers to the question "What is enlightenment?" are multiple, pluralistic, dynamic, and self-renewing.
Publisher: State University of New York Press
ISBN: 1438431074
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 139
Book Description
What is enlightenment? Wei Zhang brings together the fabled consideration of enlightenment by Kant, his contemporaries, and modern respondents such as Habermas and Foucault with the question "What is Chinese enlightenment?" Kant and his peers began a discussion of the notion of enlightenment in the pages of the Berlinische Monatsschrift when that newspaper's editor posed the question "Was ist Aufklärung?" in 1784. Chinese intellectuals began a similar consideration in the wake of the May Fourth cultural movement of 1919, which marked a self-conscious break from the feudal past and a new engagement with the West. Zhang asks to what extent European enlightenment can be regarded as purely philosophical and isolated from political events and, alternately, to what extent the Chinese enlightenment can be split into separate political and intellectual discourses. Her work yields a new set of conceptual questions and practical issues and provides new energy to the dialogue on political and cultural modernity. In cross-cultural context, Zhang finds the answers to the question "What is enlightenment?" are multiple, pluralistic, dynamic, and self-renewing.