A National Risk Assessment for Selected Hazardous Materials Transportation PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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This report details a quantitative risk assessment conducted for transportation of selected hazardous materials on a national basis. These materials include six toxic-by-inhalation (TIH) chemicals, which account for more than 90% of the total TIH transportation-related risk; liquefied petroleum gas; gasoline; and explosives. For TIH materials, both highway and rail transportation are considered, and two classes of incidents are examined--those that occur (1) during a traffic accident or a train derailment and (2) while en route from the origin to the destination, but not during an accident or derailment. For the other materials evaluated in the study, only accident-related incidents for highway transportation are considered because transportation-related risk for these materials is dominated by highway incidents. The report describes the hazardous materials and consequence levels evaluated; the risk assessment methodology; the databases used to determine hazardous materials commodity flow and incident rates; and results of the study, including quantitative risk distributions and risk measures for the materials evaluated. The results suggest that, compared with other types of transportation risks encountered by the public, overall societal risks due to hazardous materials transportation remain relatively low. However, the potential exists for very serious accidents involving large numbers of injuries and fatalities, especially for TIH materials, although the probability of such events is low. This study also reveals areas of substantially higher risk relative to hazardous materials transportation risk as a whole.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
This report details a quantitative risk assessment conducted for transportation of selected hazardous materials on a national basis. These materials include six toxic-by-inhalation (TIH) chemicals, which account for more than 90% of the total TIH transportation-related risk; liquefied petroleum gas; gasoline; and explosives. For TIH materials, both highway and rail transportation are considered, and two classes of incidents are examined--those that occur (1) during a traffic accident or a train derailment and (2) while en route from the origin to the destination, but not during an accident or derailment. For the other materials evaluated in the study, only accident-related incidents for highway transportation are considered because transportation-related risk for these materials is dominated by highway incidents. The report describes the hazardous materials and consequence levels evaluated; the risk assessment methodology; the databases used to determine hazardous materials commodity flow and incident rates; and results of the study, including quantitative risk distributions and risk measures for the materials evaluated. The results suggest that, compared with other types of transportation risks encountered by the public, overall societal risks due to hazardous materials transportation remain relatively low. However, the potential exists for very serious accidents involving large numbers of injuries and fatalities, especially for TIH materials, although the probability of such events is low. This study also reveals areas of substantially higher risk relative to hazardous materials transportation risk as a whole.
Author: D. F. Brown
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Author: M. Nicolet-Monnier
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401728216
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
Industrial development is essential to improvement of the standard of living in all coun tries. In a given region, old and new plants, processes, and technologies have to coexist Technological penetration and substitution processes are generally taking place; they are entirely dynamic and this trend is going to stay like this. People's health and the environment can be affected, directly or indirectly, by rou tine waste discharges or by accidents. A series of recent major industrial accidents and the effect of poUution highlighted, once again, the need for better management of rou tine and accidental risks. Moreover, the existence of natural hazards complicate even more the situation in any given region. Managing the hazards of modern technological systems has become a key activity in highly industrialized countries. Decision makers are often confronted with complex issues concerning economic and social development, industrialization and associated infrastructure needs, population and land use planning. Such issues have to be ad dressed in such a way that ensures that public health wiD not be disrupted or substan tially degraded.
Author: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board. Committee for a Study of the Feasibility of a Hazardous Materials Transportation Cooperative Research Program
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309094976
Category : Hazardous substances
Languages : en
Pages : 171
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The METEOR project at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) successfully addresses the difficult problem in risk assessment analyses of combining the results from bounding deterministic simulation results with probabilistic (Monte Carlo) risk assessment techniques. This paper describes a software suite designed to perform sensitivity and cost/benefit analyses on selected transportation routes and vehicles to minimize risk associated with the shipment of hazardous materials. METEOR uses Monte Carlo techniques to estimate the probability of an accidental release of a hazardous substance along a proposed transportation route. A METEOR user selects the mode of transportation, origin and destination points, and charts the route using interactive graphics. Inputs to METEOR (many selections built in) include crash rates for the specific aircraft, soil/rock type and population densities over the proposed route, and bounding limits for potential accident types (velocity, temperature, etc.). New vehicle, materials, and location data are added when available. If the risk estimates are unacceptable, the risks associated with alternate transportation modes or routes can be quickly evaluated and compared. Systematic optimizing methods will provide the user with the route and vehicle selection identified with the lowest risk of hazardous material release. The effects of a selected range of potential accidents such as vehicle impact, fire, fuel explosions, excessive containment pressure, flooding, etc. are evaluated primarily using hydrocodes capable of accurately simulating the material response of critical containment components. Bounding conditions that represent credible accidents (i.e; for an impact event, velocity, orientations, and soil conditions) are used as input parameters to the hydrocode models yielding correlation functions relating accident parameters to component damage. The Monte Carlo algorithms use random number generators to make selections at the various decision points such as; crash, location, etc. For each pass through the routines, when a crash is randomly selected, crash parameters are then used to determine if failure has occurred using either external look up tables, correlations functions from deterministic calculations, or built in data libraries. The effectiveness of the software was recently demonstrated in safety analyses of the transportation of radioisotope systems for the US Dept. of Energy. These methods are readily adaptable to estimating risks associated with a variety of hazardous shipments such as spent nuclear fuel, explosives, and chemicals.
Author: U.S. Department of Transportation
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1626363765
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
Does the identification number 60 indicate a toxic substance or a flammable solid, in the molten state at an elevated temperature? Does the identification number 1035 indicate ethane or butane? What is the difference between natural gas transmission pipelines and natural gas distribution pipelines? If you came upon an overturned truck on the highway that was leaking, would you be able to identify if it was hazardous and know what steps to take? Questions like these and more are answered in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Learn how to identify symbols for and vehicles carrying toxic, flammable, explosive, radioactive, or otherwise harmful substances and how to respond once an incident involving those substances has been identified. Always be prepared in situations that are unfamiliar and dangerous and know how to rectify them. Keeping this guide around at all times will ensure that, if you were to come upon a transportation situation involving hazardous substances or dangerous goods, you will be able to help keep others and yourself out of danger. With color-coded pages for quick and easy reference, this is the official manual used by first responders in the United States and Canada for transportation incidents involving dangerous goods or hazardous materials.
Author: Deborah K. Shaver
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 9780309061247
Category : Hazardous substances
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
This synthesis will be of interest to staff of state departments of transportation responsible for highway routing, traffic engineering, traffic operations and signing, and maintenance. It will also be useful to state police, who may also be responsible for routing, and other enforcement personnel, as well as to emergency and fire personnel. The trucking industry will also find the information of value to their operations. Information is presented on the current practices of states for the highway routing of vehicles that transport hazardous materials. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in 1994 issued Guidelines for Applying Criteria to Designate Routes for Transporting Hazardous Materials, which are used by agencies that elect to designate such routes. This report of the Transportation Research Board is based on information obtained from a survey of states concerning the routing of hazardous materials vehicles that asked respondents to rate the importance of 24 factors in the categories of roadway, environment, population, or other criteria in establishing routing policy. The survey also identified the principal agencies responsible for routing, as well as other agencies that typically participate in the routing plan. Enforcement and cost issues are discussed, as is risk assessment. This report presents a unique discussion of the issues as identified by interviews with trucking trade associations and other organizations involved with hazardous materials transport. In addition, technology applicable to more effective monitoring and enforcement is described. The appendices include commodity flow studies and route designation case studies for selected jurisdictions.
Author:
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309283426
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
This final report presents the process and findings of a project documenting the current state-of-the-practice for hazardous materials transportation risk assessment. The first phase of the project captured the status of the current practice of hazardous materials transportation risk assessment, including current uses, existing models, and available data sources. The second phase of the project focused on synthesizing the research compiled in Phase I and determining where gaps exist in available tools, techniques, and data. Phase II also included presenting a path forward for addressing these gaps and supporting better risk assessments in the future.
Author: Leon N. Moses
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461532221
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
Leon N. Moses In June 1991, the Transportation Center at Northwestern University sponsored Hazmat Transport '91: A National Conference on the Transportation of Hazardous Materials and Wastes. The faculty associated with the center were aware that there had been many professional, industrial and government conferences and meetings on the subject. However, they believed that the unique capacity of the Transportation Center to bring together leaders from industry and government, as well as leading scholars from economics, law, engineering, psychology and sociology who have done research on the problems associated with the transportation of hazardous materials and wastes (hazmats), could produce a set of integrated insights and understandings that would go well beyond those of previous conferences. The papers that make up this volume were all delivered at Hazmat Transport '91. From a legislative point of view, they tend to deal with issues associated with the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act of 1975 (HMTA), the original act passed to regulate the transportation of hazardous materials, and the Hazardous Materials Transportation Uniform Safety Act of 1990 (HMTVSA). There were talks and papers presented at the conference that focused on other recent legislation and transportation issues with which HMTUSA does not deal. The conference proceedings volume also had discussions and papers on significant managerial and regulatory issues that could not be included in this volume because of constraints on its size. Therefore, this essay is made up of three parts.
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428946578
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
