A Method to Predict the Parameters of a Full Spectral Distribution from Instrumentally Truncated Data PDF Download
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Author: Robert O. Berthel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cloud physics
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Author: Robert O. Berthel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cloud physics
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Author: Rosemary M. Dyer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Airplanes, Military
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
The standard procedure for estimating the point value of liquid water content (M) along the reentry path of a ballistic missile is to use a radar derived value of radar reflectivity factor (Z), with the M to Z relation obtained from aircraft measurements of the particle spectrum. This report contains descriptions of the various techniques used to make the radar and aircraft data compatible. The results of various methods to predict the liquid water content values are compared with aircraft measured values. The extrapolation of instrumentally truncated aircraft measurements to include the entire range of particle sizes is treated in Section 1. Section 2 contains a discussion of the method of deriving nominal M-Z relations, applies the method to data acquired at Kwajalein Missile Range, and provides M-Z relations for rain, small snow, large snow, and bullet rosettes. The introduction of the factor 'k' to convert from aircraft measurements to radar derived values is also discussed in Section 2. The relationship of k with altitude and temperature for data from Kwajalein and Wallops Island is covered in Section 3. Finally, Section 4 contains a determination of the accuracy to which liquid water content can be estimated from climatological storm data for moderate to heavy stratiform winter storms at Wallops Island. The results of Section 4 demonstrate that situations which deviate significantly from climatological averages still require time- specific M-Z relations derived from simultaneous aircraft-radar measurements.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 758
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Book Description
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Author: V. G. Plank
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerosols
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Author: Robert O. Berthel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cloud physics
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
A number of meteorological applications involving clouds require being able to determine a reasonable hydrometeor particle size distribution when given the mean hydrometeor mass density ('liquid-' or 'ice-water content') over a region of space. Such applications include numerical cloud model with 'parameterized' or 'bulk' microphysics, which have often assumed exponential size distributions. This study proposes a parameterization scheme based on a doubly-truncated exponential particle size distribution, i.e. a distribution that is truncated at both the large and small diameter ends. The necessary inputs to the scheme are the liquid or ice water content and the temperature of the sample, and, in some circumstances, and estimate of the lower truncation limit. Outputs include the parameters of the exponential distribution, including the upper truncation limit. A special set of relationships is used for rain when the largest particles exceed the assumed breakup diameter of 6 mm. The scheme relies on theoretical relationships derived from the equation for the double-truncated distribution, and on empirically-derived relationships. The empirical expressions include relationship between M and Z (where M is the liquid or ice water content and Z is the radar reflectivity) and values for the product Lambda D sum M (where Lambda is the parameter of the exponential distribution and D sub M is the upper truncation limit).
Author: R. M. Dyer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clouds
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author: R. M. Dyer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clouds
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
The results of a spectral analysis of the horizontal fluctuations in temperature and liquid water content measured at four altitudes daily, during four days in the life cycle of a storm moving eastward across the United States, are discussed, along with a synoptic analysis of the storm. The storm itself was typical of the large-scale systems traveling across the continent during the winter season. Each stage of the storm (development, maturity, and dissipation) exhibited distinctive spectral characteristics. In addition, the evidence is strong that the age and previous history of the system greatly affect the fluctuation spectra. The results of this study support the thesis of a characteristic spectral signature for cloud systems as well as for single clouds. This method may be used to determine the present growth stage of a storm system and its potential for future development. (Author).
Author: Ian D. Cohen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cloud physics
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Author: Arnold A. Barnes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cirrus clouds
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
The microphysics of Large Scale Cloud Systems (LSCS) was investigated by in-situ measurements made from two specially instrumented aircraft, a United States Air Force MC-130E and a Learjet 36 Information was obtained on the distribution of liquid and ice water content, particle size distributions, crystal habits, and other meteorological variables. The morphologies of three storms were investigated in detail as the storms crossed the United States.
Author: U.S. Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
