A coupled ice-ocean mixed layer model of the marginal ice zone responding to wind forcing PDF Download
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Author: M. IKEDA
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: M. IKEDA
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: David Gregory Markham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Oceanic mixing
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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A sea ice model using the Rossby-similarity method was added to a two-dimensional, embedded ocean general circulation--mixed layer model. Advection, diffusion, and mixing of buoyancy and momentum were included in the model to determine their effects on the ocean response. In particular, the case of Northern Hemisphere ice edge upwelling was investigated. Ice edge upwelling was created for a down-ice geostrophic wind and varying surface buoyancy flux forcing. It appeared in model solutions for both stationary and moving ice covers and is driven by a divergence in the ocean surface transport across the ice edge. These results are supported by the observations of the NORSEX group in the Greenland Sea MIZ (Johannessen et al, 1983). For an up-ice geostrophic wind, the upper ocean response was modified by the buoyancy forcing and ice motion. The combined effects of the wind forcing and ice motion due to a nonstationary ice cover caused weak downwelling at the ice edge. Application of a downward surface buoyancy flux (simulating ice melting) resulted in a 8 m elevation of the mixed layer depth at the ice edge, or upwelling, next to the downwelling. The existence of this dual (upwelling and downwelling) feature at the ice edge differs from the weak downwelling predicted by Roed and O'Brien (1983). Adding the effects of mixing had a significant impact on the upper ocean response and should be incorporated in future models of dynamical MIZ processes.
Author: Bernard Le Méhauté
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 9780674017399
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1340
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Author: Sirpa Häkkinen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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This study is aimed at the modelling of mesoscale processes such as up/downwelling and ice edge eddies in the marginal ice zones. A 2-dimensional coupled ice-ocean model is used for the study. The ice model is coupled to the reduced gravity ocean model (f-plane) through interfacial stresses. The constitutive equations of the sea ice are formulated on the basis of the Reiner-Rivlin theory. The internal ice stresses are important only at high ice concentrations (90-100%), otherwise the ice motion is essentially free drift, where the air-ice stress is balanced by the ice-water stress. The model was tested by studying the upwelling dynamics. Winds parallel to the ice edge with the ice on the right produce upwelling because the air-ice momentum flux is much greater than air-ocean momentum flux, and thus the Ekman transport is bigger under the ice than in the open water. The upwelling simulation was extended to include temporally varying forcing, which was chosen to vary sinusoidally with 4 day period. This forcing resembles successive cyclone passings. In the model with thin oceanic upper layer, ice bands were formed. The up/downwelling signals do not disappear in wind reversals because of nonlinear advection. This leads to convergences and divergences in oceanic and ice velocities which manifest themselves as ice banding. At least one wind reversal is needed to produce one ice band.
Author: Matti Leppäranta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Author: Katrin Linse
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889719774
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 181
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Author: Scott Lawrence Goodrick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Antarctica
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Author: David Archer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon dioxide
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Author: Gordon H. Fleming
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sea ice
Languages : en
Pages : 245
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Book Description
A coupled ice-ocean numerical model is developed which improves the simulation of the annual cycle and interannual variations in ice cover in the Arctic. Although the accuracy of the simulated ice concentration is increased, the annual cycle of ice coverage is still exaggerated. Several experiments are conducted to determine the importance of incorporating a fully interactive ocean. Inclusion of a fully prognostic ocean component vice a ten-year mean ocean cycle in the model improves the correlation of simulated ice concentration fields with observed data. This is the case for all regions in the Arctic; for both the annual cycle and interannual variations of the ice cover. In contrast to results using ice models without a fully prognostic ocean component, this model is quite insensitive to changes in the frozen surface albedo. Exceptions are evident where the ocean heat flux into the mixed layer is small and the ice is thin. At the spatial (110 km) and temporal (monthly) scales used here, the heat provided by the ocean appears to be the dominant mechanism controlling the position of the ice edge and the extent of the ice pack. Within the pack, it is the dynamic forcing and, in particular, the wind forcing which controls the ice thickness and thickness distribution. The ocean circulation below the mixed layer appears to position the heat underneath the MIZ. The MIZ is also the region where the ice thickness tends to decrease through divergence. The linkage between the subsurface heat and the thinned ice cover is apparently controlled by conditions at the surface and the resulting response of the mixed layer. Keywords: Theses; Arctic regions; Sea ice; Mathematical models/prediction; Ice forecasting; Ocean models. (cp).
Author: Wade H. Shafer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461573882
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, SIld disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all con cerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an interna and broader dissemination. tional publishing house to assure improved service Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Cor poration of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 30 (thesis year 1985) a total of 12,400 theses titles from 26 Canadian and 186 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work.
