Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781724985736
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
The universe may have undergone a superfluid-like phase during its evolution, resulting from the injection of nontopological charge into the spontaneously broken vacuum. In the presence of vortices this charge is identified with angular momentum. This leads to turbulent domains on the scale of the correlation length. By restoring the symmetry at low temperatures, the vortices dissociate and push the charges to the boundaries of these domains. The model can be scaled (phenomenologically) to very low energies, it can be incorporated in a late time phase transition and form large scale structure in the boundary layers of the correlation volumes. The novel feature of the model lies in the fact that the dark matter is endowed with coherent motion. The possibilities of identifying this flow around superfluid vortices with the observed large scale bulk motion is discussed. If this identification is possible, then the definite prediction can be made that a more extended map of peculiar velocities would have to reveal large scale circulations in the flow pattern. Gradwohl, Ben-Ami Unspecified Center NASA-CR-188171, NAS 1.26:188171, FERMILAB-PUB-91/55-A NAGW-1340...
Author: Kerson Huang
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9813148489
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 135
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Book Description
This interesting book provides the physical and mathematical background for a theory describing the universe as a quantum superfluid, and how dark energy and dark matter arise. Presenting a novel theory spanning many different fields in physics, the key concepts in each field are introduced.The reader is only expected to know the rudiments of condensed matter physics, quantum field theory and general relativity to explore this fascinating new model of dark matter and dark energy as facets of a cosmic superfluid.
Author: Dieter Vollhardt
Publisher: Courier Corporation
ISBN: 0486486311
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 660
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Book Description
This classic of modern theoretical physics is the first and only comprehensive treatment of the superfluid phases of helium 3, a crucial aspect of condensed matter physics with applications to many other fields. The self-contained approach explores ideas, concepts, and theoretical results, emphasizing symmetries and the consequences of their spontaneous breakdown. 1990 edition.
Author: Grigori Volovik
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814513989
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 231
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Book Description
This book discusses the unique properties of superfluid phases of 3He, the condensed matter with the outmost broken symmetry, which combine in a surprising way the properties of ordered magnets, liquid crystals and superfluids. The complicated vacuum state of these phases with a large number of fermionic and bosonic quasiparticles and topological objects remains the vacuum in modern quantum field theories. Some of the objects and physical phenomena in 3He have strong analogy with the neutrino, W-bosons, weak interactions, gravity, chiral anomaly, Quantum Hall Effect and fractional statistics. As an example of topological objects, the quantized vortices in 3He phases are discussed in detail, including singular and continuous vortices, half-quantum vortices, broken symmetry in the vortex core and phase transitions between the vortex states with different symmetry and topology.
Author: K. H. Bennemann
Publisher: International Monographs on Ph
ISBN: 0198719264
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 657
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Book Description
Volume 2 of Novel Superfluids continues the presentation of recent results on superfluids, including novel metallic systems, superfluid liquids, and atomic/molecular gases of bosons and fermions, particularly when trapped in optical lattices. Since the discovery of superconductivity (Leyden, 1911), superfluid 4He (Moscow and Cambridge, 1937), superfluid 3He (Cornell, 1972), and observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) of a gas (Colorado and MIT, 1995), the phenomenon of superfluidity has remained one of the most important topics in physics. Again and again, novel superfluids yield surprising and interesting behaviors. The many classes of metallic superconductors, including the high temperature perovskite-based oxides, MgB2, organic systems, and Fe-based pnictides, continue to offer challenges. The technical applications grow steadily. What the temperature and field limits are remains illusive. Atomic nuclei, neutron stars and the Universe itself all involve various aspects of superfluidity, and the lessons learned have had a broad impact on physics as a whole.
Author: John Peter Palmeri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This thesis deals with the theory of the primary nucleation and subsequent expansion of the superfluid $sp3$He-B phase in the metastable, hypercooled A phase. An overview of the theory of dynamical phenomena in Fermi superfluids is presented in Chapter 1 with an eye towards formulating a theory suitable for studying the dynamics of the first order A-B phase transition. The mechanism for the primary B phase nucleation in the metastable A is not at all understood, and in Chapter 2 various possibilities are discussed, although no resolution to the problem is reached. The focus here is on an exotic non-equilibrium, cosmic ray, which involves non-hydrodynamic heat transport in a state far from equilibrium. Chapter 3 deals with some idealized, model transport problems inspired by the physics behind the cosmic-ray mechanism, and it is shown that certain non-hydrodynamic dynamical structures similar to the ones needed in the cosmic-ray mechanism can form in these model problems. An application of superfluid kinetic equations to the nonlinear, dissipative motion of the A-B interface is discussed in Chapter 4; in particular, the mobility of the phase boundary is obtained in several different dynamical regimes (depending on temperature and pressure), including the (currently) experimentally relevant ballistic regime where the Andreev scattering of normal excitations off the moving interface strongly influences the dynamics. The theoretical prediction for the terminal velocity is too big by a factor $sim$2, and possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. A study of the stability and vibrations of the interface is presented in Chapter 5, where we argue that (1) the moving planar interface is linearly stable and (2) it should be possible to observe underdamped vibrations of a pinned interface at low temperatures. Finally, in Chapter 6 we point out other possible applications of the dynamical theory formulated here and list some open problems.
Author: Karl-Heinz Bennemann
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191650196
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 641
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Book Description
This book reports on the latest developments in the field of Superfluidity. The phenomenon has had a tremendous impact on the fundamental sciences as well as a host of technologies. It began with the discovery of superconductivity in mercury in 1911, which was ultimately described theoretically by the theory of Bardeen Cooper and Schriever (BCS) in 1957. The analogous phenomena, superfluidity, was discovered in helium in 1938 and tentatively explained shortly thereafter as arising from a Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) by London. But the importance of superfluidity, and the range of systems in which it occurs, has grown enormously. In addition to metals and the helium liquids the phenomena has now been observed for photons in cavities, excitons in semiconductors, magnons in certain materials, and cold gasses trapped in high vacuum. It very likely exist for neutrons in a neutron star and, possibly, in a conjectured quark state at their center. Even the Universe itself can be regarded as being in a kind of superfluid state. All these topics are discussed by experts in the respective subfields.
Author: Andreas Schmitt
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319079476
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Book Description
Superfluidity – and closely related to it, superconductivity – are very general phenomena that can occur on vastly different energy scales. Their underlying theoretical mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking is even more general and applies to a multitude of physical systems. In these lecture notes, a pedagogical introduction to the field-theory approach to superfluidity is presented. The connection to more traditional approaches, often formulated in a different language, is carefully explained in order to provide a consistent picture that is useful for students and researchers in all fields of physics. After introducing the basic concepts, such as the two-fluid model and the Goldstone mode, selected topics of current research are addressed, such as the BCS-BEC crossover and Cooper pairing with mismatched Fermi momenta.
Author: Jack Noah
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781548083984
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
This interesting book provides the physical and mathematical background for a theory describing the universe as a quantum superfluid, and how dark energy and dark matter arise. Presenting a novel theory spanning many different fields in physics, the key concepts in each field are introduced.The reader is only expected to know the rudiments of condensed matter physics, quantum field theory and general relativity to explore this fascinating new model of dark matter and dark energy as facets of a cosmic superfluid
Author: Len M. Pismen
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780198501671
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
Symmetry breaking is partially responsible for the astounding variety of natural phenomena derived from a few simple and symmetric basic laws. Unique in its multidisciplinary scope, this book considers from a unified point of view the structure and dynamics of vortices in a variety of nonlinear field models with spontaneously broken symmetry. The theory has wide applications, including superfluids, superconductors, rotating spiral waves, and relativistic string theories. This volume is an integrated survey of this rapidly developing field.
