3-D Imaging of the Heart Chambers with C-arm CT. 3D-Bildgebung Der Herzkammern Mit C-Bogen-CT PDF Download
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Author: Kerstin Müller
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783832537265
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Nowadays, angiography is the gold standard for the visualization of the morphology of the cardiac vasculature and cardiac chambers in the interventional suite. Up to now, high resolution 2-D X-ray images are acquired with a C-arm system in standard views and the diagnosis of the cardiologist is based on the observations in the planar X-ray images. No dynamic analysis of the cardiac chambers can be performed in 3-D. In the last years, cardiac imaging in 3-D using a C-arm system becomes of more and more interest in the interventional catheter laboratory. However, cardiac motion is a challenging problem in 3-D imaging, which leads to severe imaging artifacts in the 3-D image. Therefore, the main research goal of this thesis was the visualization and extraction of dynamic and functional parameters of the cardiac chambers in 3-D using an interventional angiographic C-arm system. In this thesis, two different approaches for cardiac chamber motion-compensated reconstruction have been developed and evaluated. The first technique addresses the visualization of the left ventricle. The second motion-compensated reconstruction approach uses volume-based motion estimation algorithms for the reconstruction of two left atrium and left ventricle - to four heart chambers. Overall, the results of this thesis highly demonstrate the feasibility of dynamic and functional cardiac chamber imaging using data from an interventional angiographic C-arm system for clinical applications.
Author: Kerstin Müller
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783832537265
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Nowadays, angiography is the gold standard for the visualization of the morphology of the cardiac vasculature and cardiac chambers in the interventional suite. Up to now, high resolution 2-D X-ray images are acquired with a C-arm system in standard views and the diagnosis of the cardiologist is based on the observations in the planar X-ray images. No dynamic analysis of the cardiac chambers can be performed in 3-D. In the last years, cardiac imaging in 3-D using a C-arm system becomes of more and more interest in the interventional catheter laboratory. However, cardiac motion is a challenging problem in 3-D imaging, which leads to severe imaging artifacts in the 3-D image. Therefore, the main research goal of this thesis was the visualization and extraction of dynamic and functional parameters of the cardiac chambers in 3-D using an interventional angiographic C-arm system. In this thesis, two different approaches for cardiac chamber motion-compensated reconstruction have been developed and evaluated. The first technique addresses the visualization of the left ventricle. The second motion-compensated reconstruction approach uses volume-based motion estimation algorithms for the reconstruction of two left atrium and left ventricle - to four heart chambers. Overall, the results of this thesis highly demonstrate the feasibility of dynamic and functional cardiac chamber imaging using data from an interventional angiographic C-arm system for clinical applications.
Author: Kerstin Müller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Chris Schwemmer
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
ISBN: 3832549374
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
Cardiovascular disease has become the number one cause of death worldwide. For the diagnosis and therapy of coronary artery disease, interventional C-arm-based fluoroscopy is an imaging method of choice. While these C-arm systems are also capable of rotating around the patient and thus allow a CT-like 3-D image reconstruction, their long rotation time of about five seconds leads to strong motion artefacts in 3-D coronary artery imaging. In this work, a novel method is introduced that is based on a 2-D-2-D image registration algorithm. It is embedded in an iterative algorithm for motion estimation and compensation and does not require any complex segmentation or user interaction. It is thus fully automatic, which is a very desirable feature for interventional applications. The method is evaluated on simulated and human clinical data. Overall, it could be shown that the method can be successfully applied to a large set of clinical data without user interaction or parameter changes, and with a high robustness against initial 3-D image quality, while delivering results that are at least up to the current state of the art, and better in many cases.
Author: Jordan M. Slagowski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Image-guided navigation of catheter devices to anatomic targets within large 3D cardiac chambers and vessels is challenging in the interventional setting due to the limitations of a conventional 2D x-ray projection format. Scanning-beam digital x-ray (SBDX) is a low-dose inverse geometry x-ray fluoroscopy technology capable of real-time 3D catheter tracking. SBDX performs rapid tomosynthesis using an electronically scanned multisource x-ray tube and photon-counting detector mounted to a C-arm gantry. While this technology could facilitate 3D image-guided navigational tasks, SBDX currently lacks the ability to perform volumetric computed tomography from a rotational C-arm scan. C-arm CT is an expected feature of interventional x-ray systems that could provide, for example, the necessary 3D cardiac chamber roadmap during catheter ablation of left atrial fibrillation. This work develops a novel volumetric CT capability for the SBDX platform, termed C-arm inverse geometry CT, suitable for rotational scans of the beating heart. The work is divided into three tasks: development of image reconstruction algorithms, implementation on the SBDX hardware, and performance assessment for the example task of 3D cardiac chamber mapping. SBDX-CT data acquisition is performed by simultaneous x-ray source scanning at 15 scan/s and C-arm rotation over a 190o short-scan arc in 13.4 seconds. An iterative reconstruction method based on prior image constrained compressed sensing was developed to accommodate fully truncated projections and data inconsistency resulting from cardiac motion during rotation. Hardware implementation included development of a C-arm angle measurement method, development of a geometric calibration method to account for non-ideal C-arm rotations, and detector response nonlinearity correction. The geometric calibration procedure mitigated artifacts from C-arm deflection during rotation. SBDX-CT image quality was evaluated in terms of artifacts, uniformity, and spatial resolution in a series of static phantom studies. Dynamic phantom studies evaluated chamber segmentation accuracy in the presence of chamber motion and field-of-view truncation. Segmentation error was quantified as the 99th percentile of a histogram of the surface deviations from the reference. For a chest phantom containing an atrium undergoing 60-88.2 cycle/minute motion and imaged at 50% full power, segmentation errors were 3.0-4.2 mm. Feasibility of in-vivo SBDX-CT was demonstrated in a porcine model.
Author: Jayaram K. Udupa
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849331794
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 394
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Book Description
The ability to visualize, non-invasively, human internal organs in their true from and shape has intrigued mankind for centuries. While the recent inventions of medical imaging modalities such as computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have revolutionized radiology, the development of three-dimensional (3D) imaging has brought us closer to the age-old quest of non-invasive visualization. The ability to not only visualize but to manipulate and analyze 3D structures from captured multidimensional image data, is vital to a number of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. 3D Imaging in Medicine, Second Edition, unique in its contents, covers both the technical aspects and the actual medical applications of the process in a single source. The value of this technology is obvious. For example, three dimensional imaging allows a radiologist to accurately target the positioning and dosage of chemotherapy as well as to make more accurate diagnoses by showing more pathology; it allows the vascular surgeon to study the flow of blood through clogged arteries; it allows the orthopedist to find all the pieces of a compound fracture; and, it allows oncologists to perform less invasive biopsies. In fact, one of the most important uses of 3D Imaging is in computer-assisted surgery. For example, in cancer surgery, computer images show the surgeon the extent of the tumor so that only the diseased tissue is removed. In short, 3D imaging provides clinicians with information that saves time and money. 3D Imaging in Medicine, Second Edition provides a ready reference on the fundamental science of 3D imaging and its medical applications. The chapters have been written by experts in the field, and the technical aspects are covered in a tutorial fashion, describing the basic principles and algorithms in an easily understandable way. The application areas covered include: surgical planning, neuro-surgery, orthopedics, prosthesis design, brain imaging, analysis of cardio-pulmonary structures, and the assessment of clinical efficacy. The book is designed to provide a quick and systematic understanding of the principles of biomedical visualization to students, scientists and researchers, and to act as a source of information to medical practitioners on a wide variety of clinical applications of 3D imaging.
Author: Farhood Saremi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461488753
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 735
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Book Description
This is the first major textbook to address both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) cardiac imaging of adults for the diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart disease (CHD). Since the introduction of faster CT scanners, there has been tremendous advancement in the diagnosis of CHD in adults. This is mostly due to the higher spatial resolution of CT compared to MR, which enables radiologists to create more detailed visualizations of cardiac anatomic structures, leading to the discovery of anomalous pathologies often missed by conventional MR imaging. This book is unique in highlighting the advantages of both CT and MR for the diagnosis of CHD in adults, focusing on the complementary collaboration between the two modalities that is possible. Chapters include discussions of case examples, clinical data, MR and CT image findings, and correlative cadaveric pictures. The chapters focus not only on the diagnosis of the primary problem, but also give readers information on visual clues to look for that often reveal associated pathologies. This book appeals primarily to diagnostic and interventional radiologists, as well as cardiologists and interventional cardiologists.
Author: Rikin Trivedi
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1489976183
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 245
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Book Description
Atherosclerosis represents the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Two of the most common, severe, diseases that may occur, acute myocardial infarction and stroke, have their pathogenesis in the atherosclerosis that may affect the coronary arteries as well as the carotid/intra-cranial vessels. Therefore, in the past there was an extensive research in identifying pre-clinical atherosclerotic diseases in order to plan the correct therapeutical approach before the pathological events occur. In the last 20 years imaging techniques and in particular Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance had a tremendous improvement in their potential. In the field of the Computed Tomography the introduction of the multi-detector-row technology and more recently the use of dual energy and multi-spectral imaging provides an exquisite level of anatomic detail. The MR thanks to the use of strength magnetic field and extremely advanced sequences can image human vessels very quickly while offering an outstanding contrast resolution.
Author: Ramón Ribes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540790845
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Book Description
After the publication of Learning Diagnostic Imaging, which was an introductory teaching ? le to the ten radiological subspecialties included in the American Boards of Radiology, we began to write a series of teaching ? les on each radiological subspecialty. If the ? rst book of the series was mainly aimed at residents and provided them with an introductory tool to the study of radiology, the subsequent volumes of the series try to provide the reader with an introduction to the study of each radiological subspecialty. In Learning Cardiac Imaging, we intend to review cardiac imaging from the p- spective of the six imaging modalities usually performed to obtain anatomic and functional information of the heart. In old days, conventional radiographs gave us some information about the an- omy and, only secondarily, the pathophysiology of the heart. With the advent of echocardiography, the heart could be studied dynamically. Nuclear Medicine and Cardiac MR allowed the study of cardiac function. 32- and 64-detector multislice CT let us obtain images of the coronary tree in a noninvasive approach. Cardiac imaging is complex and many health care professionals are needed, ? rstly, in the obtention and, secondly, in the interpretation of the images. Not only rad- lologists, cardiologists, and nuclear medicine physicians are needed, specialized nurses and technicians are indispensable to obtain diagnostic images of such a dynamic anatomic structure as the heart. The authorship of the book re? ects its multidisciplinary approach of the book.
Author: Karl H. Höhne
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642842119
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 449
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Book Description
The visualization of human anatomy for diagnostic, therapeutic, and educational pur poses has long been a challenge for scientists and artists. In vivo medical imaging could not be introduced until the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad ROntgen in 1895. With the early medical imaging techniques which are still in use today, the three-dimensional reality of the human body can only be visualized in two-dimensional projections or cross-sections. Recently, biomedical engineering and computer science have begun to offer the potential of producing natural three-dimensional views of the human anatomy of living subjects. For a broad application of such technology, many scientific and engineering problems still have to be solved. In order to stimulate progress, the NATO Advanced Research Workshop in Travemiinde, West Germany, from June 25 to 29 was organized. It brought together approximately 50 experts in 3D-medical imaging from allover the world. Among the list of topics image acquisition was addressed first, since its quality decisively influences the quality of the 3D-images. For 3D-image generation - in distinction to 2D imaging - a decision has to be made as to which objects contained in the data set are to be visualized. Therefore special emphasis was laid on methods of object definition. For the final visualization of the segmented objects a large variety of visualization algorithms have been proposed in the past. The meeting assessed these techniques.
Author: Erin Elizabeth Girard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Cardiac C-arm CT is a valuable imaging modality that can provide three-dimensional images of the heart during an interventional procedure. As the technology advances to provide better image quality and faster acquisition times, the potential clinical uses increase. Visualization of myocardial defects could directly impact the guidance, procedure time, and outcome of various interventional procedures. In this work, I developed protocols to optimize low-contrast detectability for cardiac C-arm CT and performed in vivo studies to validate using C-arm CT for imaging myocardial necrosis during a cardiac interventional procedure. Initial in vivo investigations were used to evaluate the contrast injection protocol for ideal timing, dilution, catheter type, and injection location. Additionally, x-ray parameters including filtration, kVp, dose, and collimation were optimized for low-contrast detectability and minimization of artifacts. A 4 sweep x 5 s, ECG-gated imaging protocol using low energy (70-90 kVp) and high dose (1.2 [mu]Gy/projection) optimizes low contrast detectability, while collimation around the heart improves SNR by reducing scatter. Images acquired both in vivo and in a slab phantom show that tight collimation and beam filtration result in improved SNR and a reduction of shading artifacts. Visualization of radiofrequency ablation lesions using contrast enhanced C-arm CT during the procedure provides a direct assessment of adequate lesion formation and may circumvent complications associated with cardiac ablation procedures. An in vivo validation study was completed in 9 swine by comparing lesion dimensions measured in C-arm CT images and pathology specimens. All ablation lesions were visualized and lesion dimensions, as measured on C-arm CT, correlated well with postmortem tissue measurements using triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining (mean difference 1D dimensions: 0.09 ± 1.04 mm, area: -0.71 ± 5.86 mm2). C-arm CT visualization of myocardial infarction (MI) in the catheterization lab could furnish early prognostic information for risk stratification as well as provide 3D images for guidance of stem cell or ablation therapies. A porcine model using balloon occlusion in the coronary artery was used to study visualization of acute and subacute MI in 12 swine. Contrast enhanced C-arm CT imaging was performed the day of infarct creation or 4 weeks after infarct creation and the volume of the infarct was compared against pathology to validate the visualization of infarction. Acute MI is best visualized at 1 minute post contrast injection as a region of combined hyper- and hypoenhancement whereas subacute MI appears as a region of hyperenhancement with peak contrast enhancement at 5 minutes post contrast injection. C-arm CT infarct volumes compared well with TTC staining (mean difference acute: -0.5 cm3, subacute: -0.7cm3). In conclusion, cardiac C-arm CT with contrast and imaging protocols optimized for low-contrast detectability has been established as a consistent and reliable technique for imaging myocardial necrotic tissue in the interventional suite.
